System, method and apparatus for recovering mining fluids from mining byproducts
A system, method and apparatus for recovering mining fluids from mining byproducts uses a plasma arc torch and a screw feed unit. The plasma arc torch includes a cylindrical vessel, a first tangential inlet/outlet connected to or proximate to a first end, a second tangential inlet/outlet connected to or proximate to a second end, an electrode housing connected to the first end such that a first electrode is (a) aligned with a longitudinal axis of the cylindrical vessel, and (b) extends into the cylindrical vessel, and a hollow electrode nozzle is connected to the second end such that the hollow electrode nozzle is aligned with the longitudinal axis, the hollow electrode nozzle is partially disposed within the cylindrical vessel and outside the cylindrical vessel. The screw feed unit has an inlet and an outlet, the outlet aligned with the centerline and proximate to the hollow electrode nozzle.
1. A plasma treatment system comprising:
a plasma arc torch comprising:
a cylindrical vessel having a first end and a second end,
a first tangential inlet/outlet connected to or proximate to the first end,
a second tangential inlet/outlet connected to or proximate to the second end,
an electrode housing connected to the first end of the cylindrical vessel such that a first electrode is (a) aligned with a longitudinal axis of the cylindrical vessel, and (b) extends into the cylindrical vessel, and
a hollow electrode nozzle connected to the second end of the cylindrical vessel such that a centerline of the hollow electrode nozzle is aligned with the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical vessel, the hollow electrode nozzle having a first end disposed within the cylindrical vessel and a second end disposed outside the cylindrical vessel;
a screw feeder having an inlet and an outlet, the outlet aligned with the centerline of the hollow electrode nozzle;
a filter screen attached to the outlet of the screw feeder, aligned with the centerline of the hollow electrode nozzle and extending proximate to the hollow electrode nozzle;
a tee attached to the outlet of the screw feeder, enclosing a portion of the filter screen proximate to the screw feeder, and a side outlet aligned with the screw feeder and a bottom outlet;
a high temperature vessel connected to the plasma arc torch and the tee such that the hollow electrode nozzle is attached to or extends into the high temperature vessel and the filter screen extends into the high temperature vessel;
a quencher or a glow discharge system attached to a bottom of the high temperature vessel and the first tangential inlet/outlet of the plasma arc torch;
a first pump or conveyor connected to the inlet of the screw feeder; and
a processor or separator connected to the bottom outlet of the tee.
2. The plasma treatment system as recited in claim 1 , further comprising a stinger electrode extending from the screw feeder and aligned with the centerline of the hollow electrode nozzle.
3. The plasma treatment system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the quencher or the glow discharge system comprises:
an eductor attached to the bottom of the high temperature vessel;
a second pump or compressor attached between the processor or separator and the eductor; and
the glow discharge system attached to the eductor and the first tangential inlet/outlet of the plasma arc torch.
4. The plasma treatment system as recited in claim 1 , further comprising a gas source attached to the first tangential inlet/outlet of the plasma arc torch.
5. The plasma treatment system as recited in claim 1 , further comprising a degasser attached to the processor or separator.
6. The plasma treatment system as recited in claim 1 , further comprising a thermo-compressor attached between the glow discharge system and the first tangential inlet/outlet of the plasma arc torch.
7. The plasma treatment system as recited in claim 6 , further comprising a gas recirculation valve connected between the high temperature vessel and the thermo-compressor, and/or the inlet of the screw feeder.
8. The plasma treatment system as recited in claim 1 , further comprising a linear actuator operably connected to the first electrode to adjust the position of the first electrode with respect to the hollow electrode nozzle.
9. The plasma treatment system as recited in claim 1 , the first end of the hollow electrode nozzle having a first inner diameter that is larger than a second inner diameter of the second end of the hollow electrode nozzle.
10. The plasma treatment system as recited in claim 9 , the first inner diameter and the second inner diameter forming a counterbore.
11. The plasma treatment system as recited in claim 9 , further comprising a first tapered portion within the hollow electrode nozzle that transitions from the first inner diameter to the second inner diameter.
12. The plasma treatment system as recited in claim 9 , further comprising a second tapered portion within the hollow electrode nozzle that transitions from the first inner diameter to a third inner diameter at the first end of the hollow electrode nozzle wherein the third inner diameter is larger than the first inner diameter.
13. The plasma treatment system as recited in claim 1 , the hollow electrode nozzle having an external flange.
14. The plasma treatment system as recited in claim 1 , further comprising a third electrode disposed around a portion of the first electrode and having a same polarity as the first electrode.
15. Plasma treatment system as recited in claim 1 , further comprising a power supply electrically connected to the first electrode and the hollow electrode nozzle.
16. A method for treating a material comprising the steps of:
providing a plasma arc torch comprising a cylindrical vessel having a first end and a second end, a first tangential inlet/outlet connected to or proximate to the first end, a second tangential inlet/outlet connected to or proximate to the second end, an electrode housing connected to the first end of the cylindrical vessel such that a first electrode is (a) aligned with a longitudinal axis of the cylindrical vessel, and (b) extends into the cylindrical vessel, and a hollow electrode nozzle connected to the second end of the cylindrical vessel such that a centerline of the hollow electrode nozzle is aligned with the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical vessel, the hollow electrode nozzle having a first end disposed within the cylindrical vessel and a second end disposed outside the cylindrical vessel;
providing a screw feeder having an inlet and an outlet, the outlet aligned with the centerline and proximate to the hollow electrode nozzle;
providing a filter screen attached to the outlet of the screw feeder, aligned with the centerline of the hollow electrode nozzle and extending proximate to the hollow electrode nozzle;
providing a tee attached to the outlet of the screw feeder, enclosing a portion of the filter screen proximate to the screw feeder, and a side outlet aligned with the screw feeder and a bottom outlet;
providing a high temperature vessel connected to the plasma arc torch and the tee such that the hollow electrode nozzle is attached to or extends into the high temperature vessel and the filter screen extends into the high temperature vessel;
supplying a steam into the first tangential inlet/outlet;
creating an electrical arc between the first electrode and the hollow electrode nozzle;
pumping or conveying the material to the inlet of the screw feeder;
treating the material by moving the material through the outlet of the screw feeder towards a steam plasma exiting the hollow electrode nozzle using the screw feeder such that a fluid exits the bottom outlet of the tee and a vitrified material exits the high temperature vessel;
producing the steam by quenching the vitrified material with water, frac flowback or produced water, wherein the steam is fed into the first tangential inlet/outlet; and
separating the fluid into a recovered fluid and water using a processor or separator connected to the bottom outlet of the tee.
17. The method as recited in claim 16 , further comprising the step of injecting a gas into the steam before the steam is supplied into the first tangential inlet/outlet.
18. The method as recited in claim 16 , wherein the material comprises a mining byproduct containing a mining fluid, the fluid comprises a recovered mining fluid and the inert vitrified slag comprises an inert vitrified mining byproduct slag.
19. The method as recited in claim 17 , wherein the material comprising a drill cuttings containing a mining fluid, the recovered mining fluid comprises a recovered drilling fluid and the inert vitrified mining byproduct slag comprises an inert vitrified drill cuttings slag.
20. The method as recited in claim 16 , further comprising the step of producing the steam using a glow discharge system.