High temperature oxidation protection for composites
The present disclosure provides a method for coating a composite structure, comprising forming a first slurry by combining a first pre-slurry composition comprising a first phosphate glass composition, with a primary flow modifier and a first carrier fluid, wherein the primary flow modifier comprises at least one of cellulose or calcium silicate; applying the first slurry on a surface of the composite structure to form a base layer; and heating the composite structure to a temperature sufficient to adhere the base layer to the composite structure.
1. A method for coating a composite structure, comprising:
forming a first slurry by combining a first pre-slurry composition comprising a first phosphate glass composition, with a primary flow modifier, a secondary flow modifier, and a first carrier fluid, wherein the primary flow modifier comprises at least one of cellulose or calcium silicate, and wherein the secondary flow modifier comprises at least one of poly(vinyl alcohol) or a salt of poly(acrylic acid);
applying the first slurry on a surface of the composite structure to form a base layer; and heating the composite structure to a temperature sufficient to adhere the base layer to the composite structure.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first pre-slurry composition comprises an acid aluminum phosphate, wherein a molar ratio of aluminum to phosphoric acid is between 1 to 2 and 1 to 3.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
forming a second slurry by combining a second pre-slurry composition with a second carrier fluid, wherein the second pre-slurry composition comprises a second phosphate glass composition;
applying the second slurry to the base layer; and
heating the composite structure to a second temperature sufficient to form a sealing layer on the base layer.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising applying at least one of a pretreating composition or a barrier coating to the composite structure prior to applying the first slurry to the composite structure.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising applying a pretreating composition, wherein the pretreating composition comprises at least one of a phosphoric acid or an acid phosphate salt, and at least one of an aluminum salt or an additional metal salt, and wherein the composite structure is porous and the pretreating composition penetrates a pore of the composite structure.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising applying a pretreating composition, wherein the applying comprises:
applying a first pretreating composition to an outer surface of the composite structure, the first pretreating composition comprising aluminum oxide and water;
heating the pretreating composition;
applying a second pretreating composition comprising an aluminum salt and at least one of a phosphoric acid or an acid phosphate salt on the first pretreating composition, wherein the composite structure is porous and the second pretreating composition penetrates a pore of the composite structure.
7. The method of claim 4 , wherein the barrier coating comprises at least one of a carbide, a nitride, a boron nitride, a silicon carbide, a titanium carbide, a boron carbide, a silicon oxycarbide, a molybdenum disulfide, a tungsten disulfide, or a silicon nitride.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first phosphate glass composition is represented by the formula a(A′ 2 O) x (P 2 O 5 ) y1 b(G f O) y2 c(A″O) z :
A′ is selected from: lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and mixtures thereof;
G f is selected from: boron, silicon, sulfur, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and mixtures thereof;
A″ is selected from: vanadium, aluminum, tin, titanium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, mercury, zinc, thulium, lead, zirconium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, actinium, thorium, uranium, yttrium, gallium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, tin, bismuth, cadmium, and mixtures thereof;
a is a number in the range from 1 to about 5;
b is a number in the range from 0 to about 10;
c is a number in the range from 0 to about 30;
x is a number in the range from about 0.050 to about 0.500;
y 1 is a number in the range from about 0.100 to about 0.950;
y 2 is a number in the range from 0 to about 0.20; and
z is a number in the range from about 0.01 to about 0.5;
( x+y 1 +y 2 +z )=1; and
x <( y 1 +y 2 ).
9. The method of claim 3 , wherein the second phosphate glass composition is represented by the formula a(A′ 2 O) x (P 2 O 5 ) y1 b(G f O) y2 c(A″O) z :
A′ is selected from: lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and mixtures thereof;
G f is selected from: boron, silicon, sulfur, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and mixtures thereof;
A″ is selected from: vanadium, aluminum, tin, titanium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, mercury, zinc, thulium, lead, zirconium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, actinium, thorium, uranium, yttrium, gallium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, tin, bismuth, cadmium, and mixtures thereof;
a is a number in the range from 1 to about 5;
b is a number in the range from 0 to about 10;
c is a number in the range from 0 to about 30;
x is a number in the range from about 0.050 to about 0.500;
y 1 is a number in the range from about 0.100 to about 0.950;
y 2 is a number in the range from 0 to about 0.20; and
z is a number in the range from about 0.01 to about 0.5;
( x+y 1 +y 2 +z )=1; and
x <( y 1 +y 2 ).
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composite structure is a carbon-carbon composite structure.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the forming the first slurry comprises mixing the first pre-slurry composition and the first carrier fluid prior to mixing the primary flow modifier into the first slurry.