Diatomaceous energy storage devices
An energy storage device can include a cathode having a first plurality of frustules, where the first plurality of frustules can include nanostructures having an oxide of manganese. The energy storage device can include an anode comprising a second plurality of frustules, where the second plurality of frustules can include nanostructures having zinc oxide. A frustule can have a plurality of nanostructures on at least one surface, where the plurality of nanostructures can include an oxide of manganese. A frustule can have a plurality of nanostructures on at least one surface, where the plurality of nanostructures can include zinc oxide. An electrode for an energy storage device includes a plurality of frustules, where each of the plurality of frustules can have a plurality of nanostructures formed on at least one surface.
1. An ink for a printed film, the ink comprising:
a solution; and
frustules comprising manganese-containing nanostructures dispersed in the solution,
wherein the ink is configured to be printed to form the printed film, a membrane of an energy storage device comprising the printed film.
2. The ink of claim 1 , wherein the manganese-containing nanostructures comprise an oxide of manganese.
3. The ink of claim 2 , wherein the oxide of manganese comprises at least one of MnO 2 , MnO, Mn 2 O 3 , MnOOH, and Mn 3 O 4 .
4. The ink of claim 1 , wherein at least some of the manganese-containing nanostructures comprise a nano-fiber.
5. The ink of claim 1 , wherein at least some of the manganese-containing nanostructures have a tetrahedral shape.
6. The ink of claim 1 , wherein the manganese-containing nanostructures cover some surfaces of the frustules and carbon-containing nanostructures cover other surfaces of the frustules, the manganese-containing nanostructures interspersed with the carbon-containing nanostructures.
7. The ink of claim 1 , wherein the membrane comprises a cathode of an energy storage device.
8. The ink of claim 7 , wherein the energy storage device comprises a zinc-manganese battery.
9. The ink of claim 8 , wherein the zinc-manganese battery is rechargeable.
10. A membrane comprising frustules comprising manganese-containing nanostructures.
11. The membrane of claim 10 , wherein the manganese-containing nanostructures comprise an oxide of manganese.
12. The membrane of claim 11 , wherein the oxide of manganese comprises at least one of manganese(II,III) oxide and manganese oxyhydroxide.
13. The membrane of claim 10 , wherein at least some of the manganese-containing nanostructures comprise a nano-fiber.
14. The membrane of claim 10 , wherein at least some of the manganese-containing nanostructures have a tetrahedral shape.
15. An energy storage device comprising:
a cathode comprising the membrane of claim 10 ;
an anode; and
a separator positioned between the cathode and the anode.
16. The energy storage device of claim 15 , wherein the energy storage device comprises a zinc-manganese battery.
17. The membrane of claim 10 , wherein the manganese-containing nanostructures cover some surfaces of the frustules and carbon-containing nanostructures cover other surfaces of the frustules, the manganese-containing nanostructures interspersed with the carbon-containing nanostructures.
18. The membrane of claim 17 , wherein the carbon-containing structures comprise carbon nanotubes.
19. The membrane of claim 17 , wherein the carbon-containing nanostructures comprise carbon nano-onions.
20. The membrane of claim 17 , wherein the carbon-containing nanostructures comprise reduced graphene oxide.