Exogenous ketone supplements for reducing anxiety-related behavior
Methods of treating anxiety disorders or reducing anxiety-related behaviors. The methods include administering a therapeutically effective amount of ketone supplementation, such as butanediol, ketone esters (e.g., 1,3-butanediol-acetoacetate diester) and/or ketone salts (e.g., beta-hydroxybutyrate-mineral salt), chronically, sub-chronically, or acutely, with or without admixture with a medium chain triglyceride or in combination. It was determined herein that ketone supplementation reduced anxiety in rats on elevated plus maze as measured by less entries to closed arms, more time spent in open arms, more distance travelled in open arms, and delayed latency to entrance to closed arms, when compared to control. Along with reducing anxiety-related behavior, the chronic, sub-chronic, and acute ketone supplements also caused significant elevation of blood βHB levels and changed blood glucose levels.
1. A method of treating a patient suffering from an anxiety disorder, comprising inducing nutritional ketosis by orally administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of exogenous ketone supplementation chronically or sub-chronically, wherein the ketone supplementation comprises a medium chain triglyceride in combination with a beta hydroxybutyrate mineral salt,
wherein the anxiety disorder is regulated within the central amygdala.
2. A method as in claim 1 , wherein beta-hydroxybutyrate mineral salt is in a concentration of about 0.4-25 grams of the salt per kilogram of body weight per day.
3. A method as in claim 1 , wherein the beta-hydroxybutyrate mineral salt is admixed with the medium chain triglyceride in a 1:1 ratio.
4. A method as in claim 3 , wherein a concentration of the beta-hydroxybutyrate mineral salt is about 0.4-25 grams of the salt per kilogram of body weight per day, and wherein a concentration of the medium chain triglyceride is about 0.4-25 grams of the medium chain triglyceride per kilogram of body weight per day.
5. A method as in claim 3 , wherein the ketone supplementation is administered chronically.
6. A method as in claim 1 , wherein the ketone supplementation comprises beta-hydroxybutyrate sodium and potassium salts and wherein the ketone supplementation is administered chronically.
7. A method of reducing anxiety in a patient or subject, comprising inducing nutritional ketosis by administering to the patient or subject a therapeutically effective amount of exogenous ketone supplementation chronically or sub-chronically, wherein the ketone supplementation comprises a medium chain triglyceride in combination with a beta hydroxybutyrate mineral salt, wherein the anxiety disorder is regulated within the central amygdala.
8. A method as in claim 7 , wherein the ketone supplementation includes the beta hydroxybutyrate mineral salt in a concentration of about 0.4-25 grams of the salt per kilogram of body weight per day.
9. A method as in claim 7 , wherein the beta hydroxybutyrate mineral salt is admixed with the medium chain triglyceride in a 1:1 ratio.
10. A method as in claim 9 , wherein a concentration of the beta hydroxybutyrate mineral salt is about 0.4-25 grams of the salt per kilogram of body weight per day, and wherein a concentration of the medium chain triglyceride is about 0.4-25 grams of the medium chain triglyceride per kilogram of body weight per day.
11. A method as in claim 7 , wherein is the ketone supplementation comprises beta-hydroxybutyrate sodium and potassium salts.
12. A method as in claim 11 , wherein the ketone supplementation is administered chronically.
13. A method of reducing anxiety in a patient or subject, comprising inducing nutritional ketosis by chronically administering to the patient or subject a therapeutically effective amount of exogenous ketone supplementation, wherein the ketone supplementation includes a ketone salt comprising beta-hydroxybutyrate sodium and/or potassium salt admixed with a medium chain triglyceride in a 1:1 ratio, such that a concentration of the beta-hydroxybutyrate-mineral salt is about 0.4-25 grams of the beta-hydroxybutyrate-mineral salt per kilogram of body weight per day and a concentration of the medium chain triglyceride is about 0.4-25 grams of the medium chain triglyceride per kilogram of body weight per day, wherein the anxiety disorder is associated with conditioned fear regulated within the central amygdala.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the anxiety disorder is associated with conditioned fear.