Transducer and reflector configurations for an acoustophoretic device
Separation of particles or droplets from a host fluid may be achieved using a transducer and/or reflector that is a thin, non-planar structure. The thin non-planar structure improves operation of an acoustic standing wave generated by an acoustic transducer. The structure may operate as a pressure release boundary and may be constructed as plastic film.
1. An acoustophoretic separation apparatus, comprising:
a chamber for containing a fluid;
at least one ultrasonic transducer acoustically coupled to the chamber; and
a thin structure with a planar face that includes a non-planar surface facing the at least one ultrasonic transducer that is configured to reflect at least some acoustic energy from the at least one ultrasonic transducer.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the thin structure is a plastic film.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the plastic film is made of a material selected from the group consisting of olefins, polyurethanes, polyureas, polyesters, polystyrenes, polyamides, cellulosics, ionomers, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene chloride, ethylene vinyl acetate, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, and combinations thereof.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the thin structure is configured to provide a pressure release boundary.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one ultrasonic transducer includes a non-planar surface.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one ultrasonic transducer is a thin structure.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the thin structure has a thickness that is ½ or less of the wavelength emitted by the at least one ultrasonic transducer.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one ultrasonic transducer is operable to generate a multi-dimensional acoustic standing wave in the chamber.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the multi-dimensional acoustic standing wave includes an axial force component and a lateral force component that are of the same order of magnitude.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one ultrasonic transducer has a face that contacts fluid within the flow chamber, the face being coated with a wear layer comprising chrome, electrolytic nickel, electroless nickel, p-xylylene, glassy carbon, or urethane.
11. An acoustophoretic method, comprising:
receiving a mixture of a host fluid and a second fluid or particulate in a container;
generating an acoustic standing wave in the container using a thin acoustic component with a planar face that includes a non-planar surface; and
collecting droplets of the second fluid or particles in the acoustic standing wave to separate the second fluid or particulate from the host fluid.
12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising flowing the host fluid through the container.
13. The method of claim 11 , further comprising closing off the container to provide a closed container.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein the thin acoustic component is an ultrasonic transducer.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the ultrasonic transducer is operable to generate a multi-dimensional acoustic standing wave in the chamber.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the multi-dimensional acoustic standing wave includes an axial force component and a lateral force component that are of the same order of magnitude.
17. The method of claim 14 , wherein the ultrasonic transducer includes a face that contacts fluid within the container, the face being coated with a wear layer comprising chrome, electrolytic nickel, electroless nickel, p-xylylene, glassy carbon, or urethane.
18. The method of claim 11 , wherein the thin acoustic component is a reflector configured to provide a pressure release boundary.
19. The method of claim 11 , further comprising a free surface that is configured to provide a pressure release boundary for the acoustic standing wave.
20. An apparatus, comprising:
a chamber for containing a fluid;
at least one ultrasonic transducer acoustically coupled to the chamber;
a thin structure with a planar face that includes a non-planar surface facing the at least one ultrasonic transducer that is configured to reflect at least some acoustic energy from the at least one ultrasonic transducer with an acoustic reflection coefficient from about −0.1 to about −1.0.