Copper-containing conductive pastes and electrodes made therefrom
Disclosed herein are copper-containing (Cu-containing) conductive pastes, copper (Cu) electrodes formed by firing the Cu-containing conductive paste over a substrate, and articles comprising a structural element with such Cu electrodes, wherein, the Cu-containing conductive paste contains a powder mixture of Cu, Ge, and B particles dispersed in an organic medium.
1. A copper-containing (Cu-containing) conductive paste comprising:
a) about 10-95 wt % of a powder mixture of Cu, germanium (Ge), and boron (B) particles, and
b) about 0.1-15 wt % of a glass frit, dispersed in
c) an organic medium,
with the total wt % of all components comprising the paste totaling to 100 wt %, and wherein, (i) the powder mixture comprises about 0.1-35 parts by weight of the Ge particles and about 0.05-15 parts by weight of the B particles, based on 100 parts by weight of the Cu particles, and provided that the combined content level of Ge and B particles is about 35 parts by weight or less; and (ii) the organic medium is comprised of at least one organic polymer dissolved in at least one solvent.
2. The Cu-containing conductive paste of claim 1 , wherein, the powder mixture comprises about 0.1-25 parts by weight of the Ge particles and about 0.1-12 parts by weight of the B particles, based on 100 parts by weight of the Cu particles, and provided that the combined content level of Ge and B particles is about 25 parts by weight or less.
3. The Cu-containing conductive paste of claim 2 , wherein, the powder mixture comprises about 0.2-13 parts by weight of the Ge particles and about 0.1-6.5 parts by weight of the B particles, based on 100 parts by weight of the Cu particles, and provided that the combined content level of Ge and B particles is about 12.5 parts by weight or less.
4. The Cu-containing conductive paste of claim 1 , wherein, the Cu particles have a particle diameter (D50) of about 1-50 μm.
5. The Cu-containing conductive paste of claim 4 , wherein, the Cu particles have a particle diameter (D50) of about 1.5-30 μm.
6. The Cu-containing conductive paste of claim 5 , wherein, the Cu particles have a particle diameter (D50) of about 1.5-15 μm.
7. The Cu-containing conductive paste of claim 1 , wherein, the Ge particles have a particle diameter (D50) of about 1-1000 nm, and the B particles have a particle diameter (D50) of about 1-1000 nm.
8. An article comprising a structural element, wherein the structural element is comprised of a substrate and at least one Cu electrode, wherein the at least one Cu electrode is formed by: (I) applying a Cu-containing conductive paste onto one side of the substrate in a predetermined shape and at a predetermined position; (II) drying the Cu-containing conductive paste; and (III) firing the Cu-containing conductive paste to form the at least one Cu electrode,
wherein, the Cu-containing conductive paste comprises:
a) about 10-95 wt % of a powder mixture of Cu, Ge, and B particles, and
b) about 0.1-15 wt % of a glass frit, dispersed in
c) an organic medium,
with the total wt % of all components comprised in the paste totaling to 100 wt %, and wherein, (i) the powder mixture comprises about 0.01-35 parts by weight of the Ge particles and about 0.05-15 parts by weight of the B particles, based on 100 parts by weight of the Cu particles; and (ii) the organic medium is comprised of at least one organic polymer dissolved in at least one solvent.
9. The article of claim 8 , wherein during step (III), the Cu-containing conductive paste is fired in air.
10. The article of claim 9 , wherein during step (III), the Cu-containing conductive paste is fired in air for about 3 min to 2 hr.
11. The article of claim 10 , wherein during step (III), the Cu-containing conductive paste is fired in air for about 3 min to 1 hr.
12. The article of claim 11 , wherein during step (III), the Cu-containing conductive paste is fired in air for about 3-18 min.
13. The article of claim 8 , which is selected from the group consisting of hybrid integrated circuit, resistors, ceramic capacitors, super capacitors, resistive heaters, and fuel sensors.