Weather-resistant, fungal-resistant, and stain-resistant coatings and methods of applying on wood, masonry, or other porous materials
A process for manufacturing the composition coating may include selecting a wood or masonry material substrate and utilizing a sol-gel comprising a silane or silane derivative and metal oxide precursor to coat the substrate. The process may utilize an all solution process or controlled environment for manufacturing a composition coating that prevent wetting and/or staining of a substrate. The composition coatings for treating wood or masonry materials improves weather-resistance, microbial resistance, stain-resistance and fungal-resistance of the materials. The reduced permeability of the resulting masonry materials can also delay or inhibit degradation caused by permeation of ions such as chlorides and sulfates. In addition, a stain comprising the composite solution and pigments may impart additional property to wood or masonry materials whilst retaining or improving the original appearance, particularly for the visibility and contrast of the wood grain as seen after the application of the coating.
1. A method for treating a substrate for improved soil-resistance, stain resistance, weather-resistance, or fungal-resistance, the method comprising:
selecting a substrate to be coated, wherein the substrate is selected from a porous material;
preparing a composite solution, wherein the composite solution is prepared by mixing at least water, an acid, a first solvent, a base chemical reagent, a plasticizer, and a bonding agent, wherein the composite solution comprises 3-8 vol. % of the water, 20-30 vol. % of the first solvent, 40-60 vol. % of the base chemical reagent, 10-15 vol. % of the plasticizer, and 1-5 vol. % of the bonding agent,
wherein the first solvent is selected from water, methanol, or a mixture thereof,
wherein the base chemical reagent comprises tetraethyl orthosilicate,
wherein the bonding agent comprises 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and
wherein the plasticizer comprises trimethoxypropylsilane;
stirring the composite solution at an elevated temperature in a range of 50-100° C.;
treating the substrate with a coating process consisting of:
utilizing the composite solution to soak the substrate and penetrate into the porous material to reduce water absorption, wherein the composite solution is deposited via an all solution process, and a degree of polymerization of the composite solution is equal to or less than 100; and
drying or curing the substrate at equal to or between 25-200° C. to allow a composite coating to form on the porous material of the substrate that improves stain resistance, weather-resistance, and fungal-resistance; and
treating a surface of the dried and cured substrate with a hydrophobic solution to render the surface superhydrophobic, wherein the treating of the surface generates a nanoscopic topography, and wherein the hydrophobic solution comprises trimethoxy (3,3,3,-trifluoropropyl)silane, trimethoxy (1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctyl)silane), or combinations thereof.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the porous material is selected from wood or masonry material.
3. The method of claim 1 further comprising the steps of: diluting the composite solution further with a second solvent to a final concentration of 60 to 100 vol. %.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the composite solution is prepared under acidic condition where pH is equal to or less than 5.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the stirring at the elevated temperature is performed for ½ hour to 12 hours.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition coating formed on the substrate does not change the pigmentation and reflectivity of the substrate before coating.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first solvent further comprises at least one of ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol acetone, acetonitrile, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide or a mixture thereof.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composite solution further comprises a chelating agent, wherein the chelating agent is selected from an alkoxysilane, metal oxide precursor, or a combination thereof having a general formula of M(OR)x Ry R′z (M=Si, Al, In, Sn or Ti; x is the integer 1, 2 or 3; y is the integer 0, 1 or 2; z is the integer 1, 2 or 3, provided that the sum of x, y and z equals 4), where R comprises hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or derivatives thereof; R′ comprises hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or derivatives thereof and R″ comprises a substituted or unsubstituted alky or alkenyl group comprising from 3 to 20 carbon atoms, or
the chelating agent is selected from an alkoxysilane, metal oxide precursor, or a combination thereof having a general formula of M(OR)x R′y R″z (M=Si, Al, In, Sn or Ti; x is the integer 1, 2 or 3; y is the integer 0, 1 or 2; z is the integer 1, 2 or 3, provided that the sum of x, y and z equals 4), where R comprises hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or derivatives thereof; R′ comprises hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or derivatives thereof and R″ comprises a substituted or unsubstituted amine (including primary, secondary and tertiary) or thiol.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composite solution further comprises a viscosity modifier selected from an alkylsiloxane in oligomer/co-oligomer form, polymer/copolymer form, or a combination thereof having a general formula of
where R and R′ can be the same or different and comprise hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or derivatives thereof.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composite solution further comprises a functional additive that provides UV absorbing or blocking, anti-reflective, anti-abrasion, fire retardant, conducting, anti-microbial, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, or pigmentation properties.
11. A method for treating a substrate for improved soil-resistance, stain resistance, weather-resistance, or fungal-resistance, the method comprising:
selecting a substrate to be coated, wherein the substrate is selected from a porous material;
preparing a composite solution, wherein the composite solution consists of water, an acid, a first solvent, a base chemical reagent, a plasticizer, and a bonding agent, wherein the composite solution comprises 3-8 vol. % of the water, 20-30 vol. % of the first solvent, 40-60 vol. % of the base chemical reagent, 10-15 vol. % of the plasticizer, and 1-5 vol. % of the bonding agent,
wherein the first solvent is selected from water, methanol, or a mixture thereof,
wherein the base chemical reagent comprises tetraethyl orthosilicate,
wherein the bonding agent comprises 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and
wherein the plasticizer comprises trimethoxypropylsilane;
stirring the composite solution at an elevated temperature in a range of 50-100° C.;
treating the substrate with a coating process consisting of:
utilizing the composite solution to soak the substrate and penetrate into the porous material to reduce water absorption, wherein the composite solution is deposited via an all solution process, and a degree of polymerization of the composite solution is equal to or less than 100; and
drying or curing the substrate at equal to or between 25-200° C. to allow a composite coating to form on the porous material of the substrate that improves stain resistance, weather-resistance, and fungal-resistance; and
treating a surface of the dried and cured substrate with a hydrophobic solution to render the surface superhydrophobic, and wherein the hydrophobic solution comprises trimethoxy (3,3,3,-trifluoropropyl)silane, trimethoxy (1H, 1H, 2H, 2H perfluorooctyl)silane), or combinations thereof.