Coreactive materials and methods for three-dimensional printing
Methods of printing a three-dimensional object using co-reactive components are disclosed. Thermosetting compositions for three-dimensional printing are also disclosed.
1. A composition for three-dimensional printing, comprising:
a first component comprising a first functional group; and
a second component comprising a second functional group,
wherein the second functional group is reactive with the first functional group;
wherein at least one of the first functional group and the second functional group comprises a saturated functional group; and
wherein the composition is characterized by a shear storage modulus G′ and a shear loss modulus G″, wherein,
the initial G″/G′ ratio is less than 2;
the initial G′ is greater than 1,500;
the G′ at 6 minutes is greater than 500,000 Pa; and
the G″ at 6 minutes is greater than 400,000 Pa; wherein,
the initial G″/G′ ratio and the initial G′ refer to values measured within 30 seconds after the first component and the second component are mixed;
the G′ and G″ after 6 minutes refers to the values measured 6 minutes after the first component and the second component are mixed; and
the shear storage modulus G′ and the shear loss modulus G″ are measured using a rheometer with a gap from 1 mil to 2 mils, with a 25 mm-diameter parallel plate spindle, an oscillation frequency of 1 Hz and amplitude of 0.3%, and with a rheometer plate temperature of 25° C.
2. A composition for three-dimensional printing, comprising:
a first component comprising a first functional group; and
a second component comprising a second functional group,
wherein the second functional group is reactive with the first functional group;
wherein at least one of the first functional group and the second functional group comprises a saturated functional group; and
wherein the composition is characterized by a shear storage modulus G′ and a shear loss modulus G″, wherein,
the initial G″/G′ ratio is less than 1.5;
the initial G′ is greater than 2,000 Pa;
the G′ at 6 minutes is greater than 1,000,000 Pa; and
the G″ at 6 minutes is greater than 600,000 Pa.; wherein,
the initial G″/G′ ratio and the initial G′ refer to values measured within 30 seconds after the first component and the second component are mixed;
the G′ and G″ after 6 minutes refers to the values measured 6 minutes after the first component and the second component are mixed; and
the shear storage modulus G′ and the shear loss modulus G″ are measured using a rheometer with a gap from 1 mil to 2 mils, with a 25 mm-diameter parallel plate spindle, an oscillation frequency of 1 Hz and amplitude of 0.3%, and with a rheometer plate temperature of 25° C.
3. A composition for three-dimensional printing, comprising:
a first component comprising a first functional group; and
a second component comprising a second functional group,
wherein the second functional group is reactive with the first functional group;
wherein at least one of the first functional group and the second functional group comprises a saturated functional group; and
wherein the composition is characterized by a viscosity from 5,000 cP to 5,000,000 cP, measured using a rheometer with a gap from 1 mm to 2 mm, a shear rate of 0.1 s −1 at a temperature of 25 C.
4. A composition for three-dimensional printing, comprising:
a first component comprising a first functional group; and
a second component comprising a second functional group,
wherein the second functional group is reactive with the first functional group;
wherein at least one of the first functional group and the second functional group comprises a saturated functional group; and
wherein the composition is characterized by a cross-sectional profile having a first portion and a second portion.
5. The composition of claim 4 , wherein,
the first portion comprises a molar ratio of the first component to the second component greater than 1; and
the second portion comprises a molar ratio of the first component to the second component less than 1.
6. The composition of claim 4 , wherein the first portion and the second portion are on opposite sides of the cross-sectional profile.
7. The composition of claim 4 , wherein,
the first portion comprises an equivalent ratio of the first functional group to the second functional group greater than 1; and
the second portion comprises an equivalent ratio of the first functional group to the second functional group less than 1.
8. The composition of claim 4 , wherein an equivalents ratio of the first component to the second component is not homogeneous throughout the cross-sectional profile.
9. The composition of claim 4 , wherein an equivalents ratio of the first component to the second component is homogeneous throughout the cross-sectional profile.
10. A composition for three-dimensional printing, comprising:
a first component comprising a first functional group; and
a second component comprising a second functional group,
wherein the second functional group is reactive with the first functional group;
wherein at least one of the first functional group and the second functional group comprises a saturated functional group; and
wherein each of the first functional group and the second functional group does not comprise an acrylate group or a methacrylate group.
11. A composition for three-dimensional printing, comprising:
a first component comprising a first functional group; and
a second component comprising a second functional group,
wherein the second functional group is reactive with the first functional group;
wherein at least one of the first functional group and the second functional group comprises a saturated functional group; and
wherein the composition comprises a catalyst, wherein the catalyst catalyzes the reaction between the first functional group and the second functional group.
12. A composition for three-dimensional printing, comprising:
a first component comprising a first functional group; and
a second component comprising a second functional group,
wherein the second functional group is reactive with the first functional group;
wherein at least one of the first functional group and the second functional group comprises a saturated functional group; and
wherein the composition is not curable using actinic radiation.
13. A composition comprising:
a first component comprising a first functional group; and
a second component comprising a second functional group,
wherein,
the first component comprises a polyamine and the second component comprises a polyisocyanate;
the first component comprises a polyalkenyl compound and the second component comprises a polythiol;
the first component comprises a Michael addition acceptor and the second component comprises a Michael addition donor; or
a combination of any of the foregoing;
wherein the composition is characterized by a shear storage modulus G′ and a shear loss modulus G″, wherein,
the initial G″/G′ ratio is less than 2;
the initial G′ is greater than 1,500 Pa;
the G′ at 6 minutes is greater than 500,000 Pa; and
the G″ at 6 minutes after mixing is greater than 400,000 Pa; wherein,
the shear storage modulus G′ and the shear loss modulus G″ are measured using a rheometer with a gap from 1 mil to 2 mils, with a 25 mm-diameter parallel plate spindle, an oscillation frequency of 1 Hz and amplitude of 0.3%, and with a rheometer plate temperature of 25° C.
14. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the saturated functional group comprises a hydroxyl, a thiol, a primary amine, a secondary amine, an epoxy, or a combination of any of the foregoing.
15. The composition of claim 1 , wherein,
the first component comprises a polyol and the second component comprises a polyisocyanate;
the first component comprises a polyamine and the second component comprises a polyisocyanate;
the first component comprises a polyalkenyl compound and the second component comprises a polythiol; or
the first component comprises a Michael addition acceptor and the second component comprises a Michael addition donor.
16. A three-dimensional object formed using the composition of claim 1 .
17. The three-dimensional object of claim 16 , wherein the three-dimensional object comprises a plurality of layers, wherein adjacent layers forming the three-dimensional object are covalently bonded.
18. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the saturated functional group comprises a hydroxyl, a thiol, a primary amine, a secondary amine, an epoxy, or a combination of any of the foregoing.
19. The composition of claim 2 , wherein,
the first component comprises a polyol and the second component comprises a polyisocyanate;
the first component comprises a polyamine and the second component comprises a polyisocyanate;
the first component comprises a polyalkenyl compound and the second component comprises a polythiol; or
the first component comprises a Michael addition acceptor and the second component comprises a Michael addition donor.
20. A three-dimensional object formed using the composition of claim 2 .
21. The three-dimensional object of claim 20 , wherein the three-dimensional object comprises a plurality of layers, wherein adjacent layers forming the three-dimensional object are covalently bonded.
22. The composition of claim 3 , wherein the saturated functional group comprises a hydroxyl, a thiol, a primary amine, a secondary amine, an epoxy, or a combination of any of the foregoing.
23. The composition of claim 3 , wherein,
the first component comprises a polyol and the second component comprises a polyisocyanate;
the first component comprises a polyamine and the second component comprises a polyisocyanate;
the first component comprises a polyalkenyl compound and the second component comprises a polythiol; or
the first component comprises a Michael addition acceptor and the second component comprises a Michael addition donor.
24. A three-dimensional object formed using the composition of claim 3 .
25. The three-dimensional object of claim 24 , wherein the three-dimensional object comprises a plurality of layers, wherein adjacent layers forming the three-dimensional object are covalently bonded.
26. The composition of claim 4 , wherein the saturated functional group comprises a hydroxyl, a thiol, a primary amine, a secondary amine, an epoxy, or a combination of any of the foregoing.
27. The composition of claim 4 , wherein,
the first component comprises a polyol and the second component comprises a polyisocyanate;
the first component comprises a polyamine and the second component comprises a polyisocyanate;
the first component comprises a polyalkenyl compound and the second component comprises a polythiol; or
the first component comprises a Michael addition acceptor and the second component comprises a Michael addition donor.
28. A three-dimensional object formed using the composition of claim 4 .
29. The three-dimensional object of claim 28 , wherein the three-dimensional object comprises a plurality of layers, wherein adjacent layers forming the three-dimensional object are covalently bonded.
30. The composition of claim 10 , wherein the saturated functional group comprises a hydroxyl, a thiol, a primary amine, a secondary amine, an epoxy, or a combination of any of the foregoing.
31. The composition of claim 10 , wherein,
the first component comprises a polyol and the second component comprises a polyisocyanate;
the first component comprises a polyamine and the second component comprises a polyisocyanate;
the first component comprises a polyalkenyl compound and the second component comprises a polythiol; or
the first component comprises a Michael addition acceptor and the second component comprises a Michael addition donor.
32. A three-dimensional object formed using the composition of claim 10 .
33. The three-dimensional object of claim 32 , wherein the three-dimensional object comprises a plurality of layers, wherein adjacent layers forming the three-dimensional object are covalently bonded.
34. The composition of claim 11 , wherein the saturated functional group comprises a hydroxyl, a thiol, a primary amine, a secondary amine, an epoxy, or a combination of any of the foregoing.
35. The composition of claim 11 , wherein,
the first component comprises a polyol and the second component comprises a polyisocyanate;
the first component comprises a polyamine and the second component comprises a polyisocyanate;
the first component comprises a polyalkenyl compound and the second component comprises a polythiol; or
the first component comprises a Michael addition acceptor and the second component comprises a Michael addition donor.
36. A three-dimensional object formed using the composition of claim 11 .
37. The three-dimensional object of claim 36 , wherein the three-dimensional object comprises a plurality of layers, wherein adjacent layers forming the three-dimensional object are covalently bonded.
38. The composition of claim 12 , wherein the saturated functional group comprises a hydroxyl, a thiol, a primary amine, a secondary amine, an epoxy, or a combination of any of the foregoing.
39. The composition of claim 12 , wherein,
the first component comprises a polyol and the second component comprises a polyisocyanate;
the first component comprises a polyamine and the second component comprises a polyisocyanate;
the first component comprises a polyalkenyl compound and the second component comprises a polythiol; or
the first component comprises a Michael addition acceptor and the second component comprises a Michael addition donor.
40. A three-dimensional object formed using the composition of claim 12 .
41. The three-dimensional object of claim 40 , wherein the three-dimensional object comprises a plurality of layers, wherein adjacent layers forming the three-dimensional object are covalently bonded.