Load management in hybrid electrical systems
Various implementations described herein are directed to systems and methods for managing a plurality of loads connected to a plurality of power sources using a switching apparatus. Apparatuses described herein may include multi-throw switches designed for fast and efficient switching of loads. Methods described herein may include selecting one or more loads from a group of loads to connect to one or more alternative power sources, and selecting one or more loads to connect to a main (e.g. utility) electrical grid.
1. An electrical system comprising:
a first electrical power source;
a second electrical power source;
a plurality of switches configured to receive power from the first electrical power source and the second electrical power source, wherein each switch comprises a plurality of throws, and wherein each throw comprises a transistor coupled in parallel to a electromechanical relay;
a plurality of electrical loads, wherein each electrical load is coupled to each of the plurality of throws of a corresponding switch of the plurality of switches, and wherein each electrical load is connectable via the plurality of throws of its corresponding switch to the first electrical power source or the second electrical power source; and
a controller configured to control the plurality of throws to connect and disconnect one or more of the plurality of electrical loads to and from the first electrical power source and the second electrical power source,
wherein the controller is configured to determine that power generated by the first electrical power source exceeds a power consumption of a first plurality of loads connected to the first electrical power source by a first value, determine that a power consumption of each electrical load of a second plurality of electrical loads connected to the second electrical power source exceeds the first value, and instruct a storage device to store excess power generated by the first electrical power source.
2. The electrical system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of throws maintain the first electrical power source and the second electrical power source in a disconnected state.
3. The electrical system of claim 1 , wherein the storage device is configured to output power to one or more of the plurality of electrical loads.
4. The electrical system of claim 1 , wherein the first electrical power source comprises a photovoltaic generator.
5. The electrical system of claim 3 , further comprising an inverter connected between the first electrical power source and a first throw of the plurality of throws.
6. The electrical system of claim 5 , further comprising a circuit breaker connected between the first electrical power source and the second electrical power source.
7. The electrical system of claim 1 , wherein the second electrical power source comprises a utility electrical grid.
8. The electrical system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to control a first throw of the plurality of throws to disconnect a load from the first electrical power source before connecting the load to the second electrical power source.
9. A method for operating an electrical system, the electrical system comprising a first electrical power source, a second electrical power source, a plurality of switches, each comprising a plurality of throws and each configured to receive power from the first electrical power source and the second electrical power source, and a plurality of electrical loads, each connected via the plurality of throws of a corresponding switch to the first electrical power source or the second electrical power source, the method comprising:
monitoring electrical power output by the first electrical power source;
monitoring electrical power consumed by a first plurality of electrical loads, of the plurality of electrical loads, connected to the first electrical power source; and
responsive to determining that the electrical power output by the first electrical power source exceeds a power consumption of the first plurality of electrical loads by a first value and a determination that a power consumption of each electrical load of a second plurality of electrical loads, of the plurality of electrical loads, connected to the second electrical power source of the electrical system exceeds the first value, instructing a storage device to store excess power generated by the first electrical power source, and
wherein each of the plurality of throws for switching loads comprises a transistor coupled in parallel to an electromechanical relay.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the first electrical power source comprises a photovoltaic generator.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the second electrical power source comprises a utility electrical grid.
12. The method of claim 9 , further comprising reducing the power generated by the first electrical power source.
13. The electrical system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of switches are housed by a single enclosure.
14. The electrical system of claim 1 , further comprising a communication device configured for transmitting power measurements to the controller.
15. The electrical system of claim 1 , wherein to connect a disconnected load, each of the plurality of throws first connects the transistor, then while the transistor is connected connects the electromechanical relay, and then when the electromechanical relay is connected disconnects the transistor.
16. The electrical system of claim 1 , wherein to disconnect a connected load, each of the plurality of throws first connects the transistor, then while the transistor is connected disconnects the electromechanical relay, and then when the electromechanical relay is disconnected disconnects the transistor.