Anatomical model displaying
Systems and methods of automatically controlling, on a graphical user interface used by a physician, display views of an anatomic structure of a patient. Such systems and methods of automatically controlling display views of an anatomic structure of a patient can facilitate visualizing a position of a medical device relative to the anatomic structure during a medical procedure directed to the anatomic structure. In certain implementations, the systems and methods of the present disclosure provide automatic display views of a cardiac catheter relative to a three-dimensional model of a patient's heart cavity during a medical procedure such as cardiac ablation.
1. A method comprising:
obtaining a three-dimensional model of a heart cavity of a patient;
receiving a signal indicative of a location of a catheter, wherein the catheter is positioned in the heart cavity of the patient, and wherein the received location signal is a time-varying signal indicative of the one or more previous locations of the catheter;
determining at least one geometric feature of the three-dimensional model;
determining a display view of the three-dimensional model of the heart cavity based at least in part on the location of the catheter in the heart cavity, on one or more previous locations of the catheter in the heart cavity, and on the geometric feature of the three-dimensional model, wherein determining the display view based on the one or more previous locations of the catheter in the heart cavity includes
low-pass filtering the time-varying signal, and/or
low-pass filtering the display view such that the determined display view is based on one or more previous display views; and
displaying, on a graphical user interface, the display view of the three-dimensional model of the heart cavity.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining the at least one geometric feature includes calculating, in the three-dimensional model, a surface-normal direction in an area of the heart cavity local to the location of the catheter.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the surface-normal direction is a function of the location of the catheter and local features of the three-dimensional model local to the location of the catheter such that the display view automatically compensates for variations in angles of engagement between the catheter and target tissue.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining the at least one geometric feature includes determining a thinnest direction of the three-dimensional model.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining the at least one geometric feature is based on determining a bounding box with the smallest volume that contains the three-dimensional model.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising determining at least one visualization preference of the three-dimensional model, wherein determining the display view is further based at least in part on the at least one visualization preference.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining the display view of the three-dimensional model is based at least in part on the received location signal over a period of time.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining the display view is further based at least in part on analysis of the shape of the three-dimensional model of the heart cavity of the patient.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining the display view is further based at least in part on visualization preferences.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining the display view is further based at least in part on one or more previously displayed views.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining the display view includes adjusting a size of the three-dimensional model as projected onto a viewing window, and displaying the display view includes displaying a projection of the three-dimensional model onto the graphical user interface according to the adjusted size.
12. A method of controlling a display of a three-dimensional model of an anatomic structure of a patient, the method comprising:
obtaining the three-dimensional model of the anatomic structure of the patient;
receiving a signal indicative of a location of a medical device in the anatomic structure;
based at least in part on the location of the medical device in the anatomic structure, selecting a display rule, from a plurality of rules, for specification of an orientation of the three-dimensional model and an image plane, wherein
the plurality of rules includes a local rule and a global rule, and
selecting the display rule includes selecting the local rule, the global rule, or a combination thereof based on a comparison of the location of the medical device to a prohibited region at least partially defined by the three-dimensional model;
based at least in part on the display rule, specifying i) the orientation of the three-dimensional model and ii) the image plane; and
displaying, on a graphical user interface, at least a portion of a projection of the three-dimensional model, in the specified orientation, on the specified image plane.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the display rule is based at least in part on the location of the medical device relative to the anatomic structure.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the local rule is based at least in part on the location of the medical device relative to the three-dimensional model, and wherein the global rule is based at least in part on the shape of the three-dimensional model.
15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the global rule is selected if the location of the medical device is within a boundary of the prohibited region.
16. The method of claim 12 , wherein the local rule is selected if the location of the medical device is a predetermined distance beyond a boundary of the prohibited region.
17. The method of claim 12 , wherein the prohibited region is at least partially defined by a center of mass of a volume of fluid represented by the three-dimensional model.
18. The method of claim 12 , wherein the prohibited region is substantially symmetric about a superior-inferior axis.
19. The method of claim 12 , wherein the local rule includes determining a local direction vector based on the location of the medical device.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the local direction vector is based at least in part on direction vectors normal to a surface of the three-dimensional model in an area local to the location of the medical device.
21. A method comprising:
obtaining a three-dimensional model of a heart cavity of a patient;
receiving a signal indicative of a location of a catheter, wherein the catheter is position in the heart cavity of the patient;
determining at least one geometric feature of the three-dimensional model, wherein determining the at least one geometric feature includes calculating, in the three-dimensional model, a surface-normal direction in an area of the heart cavity local to the location of the catheter, and wherein the surface-normal direction is a weighted sum of normal vectors of surface elements of the three-dimensional model within a threshold distance from the location of the catheter;
determining a display view of the three-dimensional model of the heart cavity based at least in part on the location of the catheter in the heart cavity, on one or more previous locations of the catheter in the heart cavity, and on the geometric feature of the three-dimensional model; and
displaying, on a graphical user interface, the display view of the three-dimensional model of the heart cavity.