Hypersonic aircraft having homopolar motor with graded resistance
A hypersonic aircraft having a homopolar motor with high temperature superconducting (HTS) non-insulated (NI) coil magnets is described. In some implementations, the HTS NI coil magnets can have a graded resistance design. In some implementations, the HTS NI coil magnets can include a series of stacked coils, each of the series of coils comprising multiple turns having turn-to-turn resistance, where the turn-to-turn resistance of the series of coils is graded coil-to-coil across the magnet. In some implementations, the HTS NI coil magnets can include an NI coil comprising multiple turns and two or more thermal barriers each disposed between two adjacent turns of the coil, where an electrically conductive portion of one of the thermal barriers does not overlap with an electrically conductive portion of a different adjacent one of the thermal barriers. Some implementations can include a disk-type homopolar motor/generator including one or more HTS NI coil magnets.
1. A hypersonic aircraft having a disk-type homopolar motor/generator, the disk-type homopolar motor/generator comprising:
an electrically conductive metal disk;
an electrically conductive shaft coupled, mechanically and electrically, to the electrically conductive metal disk;
a first electrical contact configured to be in electrical contact with an edge of the electrically conductive metal disk;
a second electrical contact configured to be in electrical contact with the electrically conductive shaft; and
a high temperature superconducting (HTS) non-insulated (NI) multi-coil magnet, comprising:
a plurality of NI coils each comprising multiple turns and
two or more thermal barriers each disposed between a different two adjacent turns of the NI coil, wherein an electrically conductive portion of one of the thermal barriers does not overlap with an electrically conductive portion of a different adjacent one of the thermal barriers,
wherein the HTS NI coil magnet is arranged so that a normal component of a magnetic field generated by the HTS NI coil magnet is substantially perpendicular to a face of the metal disk.
2. The hypersonic aircraft of claim 1 , wherein the electrically conductive portion of the one of the thermal barriers is covered by a thermal resistive portion of the different adjacent one of the thermal barriers.
3. The hypersonic aircraft of claim 1 , wherein a thermal resistive portion of the one of the thermal barriers overlaps with a thermal resistive portion of the different adjacent one of the thermal barriers.
4. The hypersonic aircraft of claim 1 , wherein the NI multi-coil comprises a winding conductor selected from a group consisting of:
non-insulated YBCO superconductor tape;
non-insulated REBCO superconductor tape; and
non-insulated Bi-2223 multi-filamentary superconductor tape.
5. The hypersonic aircraft of claim 1 , wherein each of the two or more thermal barriers is formed as a layer selected from the group consisting of:
a co-wound layer having thermal resistive and electrical conductive segments;
a layer soldered or bonded to a winding conductor, the soldered or bonded layer having thermal resistive and electrical conductive segments;
a printed layer on a co-wound layer, the printed layer on the co-wound layer having thermal resistive and electrical conductive segments; and
a printed layer on a surface of a winding conductor, the printed layer on the surface of the winding conductor having thermal resistive and electrical conductive segments.
6. The hypersonic aircraft of claim 1 , wherein the coil is a circular pancake coil or a racetrack coil.