Hard abrasive particle-free polishing of hard materials
A method of CMP includes providing a slurry solution including ≥1 per-compound oxidizer in a concentration between 0.01 M and 2 M with a pH from 2 to 5 or 8 to 11, and ≥1 buffering agent which provides a buffering ratio ≥1.5 that compares an amount of a strong acid needed to reduce the pH from 9.0 to 3.0 as compared to an amount of strong acid to change the pH from 9.0 to 3.0 without the buffering agent. The slurry solution is exclusive any hard slurry particles or has only soft slurry particles that have throughout a Vickers hardness <300 Kg/mm 2 or Mohs Hardness <4. The slurry solution is dispensed on a hard surface having a Vickers hardness >1,000 kg/mm 2 is pressed by a polishing pad with the slurry solution in between while rotating the polishing pad relative to the hard surface.
1. A slurry for chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP), comprising:
an aqueous medium;
at least one pre-compound permanganate oxidizer that includes an element in its highest oxidation state with a concentration between 0.01 M and 2.0 M;
a pH level from 8 to 11;
at least one buffering agent different from said per-compound oxidizer, the buffering agent comprising at least one of a surfactant and an alkali metal ion; and
particles of MnO 2 having a Mohs hardness of ≤3,
wherein said slurry is exclusive of any particles that have a Mohs hardness >3.
2. The slurry of claim 1 , wherein said slurry further comprises transition metal ions in a concentration from 0.03 M to 1 M in addition to any transition metal ions that may be in said per-compound permanganate oxidizer.
3. The slurry of claim 1 , wherein said particles of MnO 2 having a Mohs hardness ≤3 are particles formed in-situ by autocatalysis.
4. The slurry of claim 1 , wherein said buffering agent comprises said surfactant and at least 2 different valence states of Mn ions including said per-compound permanganate oxidizer chosen from +7, +4, +2, and +3.
5. The slurry of claim 1 , wherein said per-compound permanganate oxidizer comprises potassium permanganate or sodium permanganate.
6. A slurry for chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP), comprising:
an aqueous medium;
at least one pre-compound permanganate oxidizer that includes an element in its highest oxidation state with a concentration between 0.01 M and 2.0 M;
a pH level from 2 to 5 or from 8 to 11;
at least one buffering agent different from said per-compound oxidizer, the buffering agent comprising at least one of a surfactant and an alkali metal ion; and
particles of MnO 2 having a Mohs hardness of ≤3,
wherein said slurry is exclusive of any particles that have a Mohs hardness >3, and
wherein the buffering agent comprises a species having the formula RCHO, wherein R is a carbon containing group.