Coupling method for peptide synthesis at elevated temperatures
An improved method for coupling amino acids into peptides or peptidomimetics is disclosed that includes the steps of combining an amino acid, a carbodiimide, an activator additive, and a base at less than 1 equivalent compared to the amino acid to be activated; and carrying out the activation and coupling at a temperature greater than 30° C.
1. A method for coupling amino acids into peptides or peptidomimetics, the improvement comprising:
combining an amino acid, a carbodiimide, an activator additive, and a base, with the base in an amount of less than 1 equivalent compared to the amino acid to be activated; and carrying out the activation and coupling at a temperature greater than 30° C.
2. The method according to claim 1 carried out within a total coupling time less than 10 minutes.
3. The method according to claim 1 carried out within a total coupling time less than 4 minutes.
4. The method according to claim 1 carried out within a total coupling time less than 2 minutes.
5. The solid phase peptide synthesis method according to claim 1 .
6. The method according to claim 5 wherein the base is selected from the group consisting of DIEA, NMM, TMP, TEA and combinations thereof.
7. The method according to claim 5 wherein the amount of base is no more than 0.2 equivalent based on the amount of amino acid present.
8. The method according to claim 5 wherein the amount of base is no more than 0.1 equivalent based on the amount of amino acid present.
9. The method according to claim 5 wherein the carbodiimide is selected from the group consisting of DCC, DIC, EDC, and mixtures thereof.
10. The method according to claim 9 wherein the activator additive is selected from the group consisting of HOBt, HOAt, 6-Cl-HOBt, Oxyma, NHS and mixtures thereof.
11. The method according to claim 5 wherein the activation and coupling are carried out at temperature of between about 30° C. and 110° C.
12. The method according to claim 5 wherein the activation and coupling are carried out at temperature of at least about 60° C.
13. The method according to claim 5 wherein the activation and coupling are carried out at temperature of at least about 75° C.
14. The method according to claim 5 wherein the activation and coupling are carried out at temperature of at least about 90° C.
15. The method according to claim 1 wherein the amino acid is selected from the group consisting of essential amino acids, conditionally essential amino acids and dispensable amino acids.
16. A method for coupling carboxylic acids and amines, the improvement comprising: combining a carboxylic acid, an amine, a carbodiimide, an activator additive, and a base, with the base in an amount of less than 1 equivalent compared to the amine; and carrying out activation and coupling at a temperature greater than 30° C.
17. The method according to claim 16 carried out within a total coupling time less than 10 minutes.
18. The method according to claim 16 carried out within a total coupling time less than 4 minutes.
19. The method according to claim 16 carried out within a total coupling time less than 2 minutes.
20. The solid phase peptide synthesis method according to claim 16 .
21. The method according to claim 20 wherein the base is selected from the group consisting of DIEA, NMM, TMP, TCA and combinations thereof.
22. The method according to claim 20 wherein the amount of base is no more than 0.2 equivalent based on the amount of amine present.
23. The method according to claim 20 wherein the amount of base is no more than 0.1 equivalent based on the amount of amine acid present.
24. The method according to claim 20 wherein the carbodiimide is selected from the group consisting of DCC, DIC, EDC, and mixtures thereof.
25. The method according to claim 24 wherein the activator additive is selected from the group consisting of HOBt, HOAt, 6-Cl-HOBt, Oxyma, NHS and mixtures thereof.
26. The method according to claim 20 wherein the activation and coupling are carried out at temperature of between about 30° C. and 110° C.
27. The method according to claim 20 wherein the activation and coupling are carried out at temperature of at least about 60° C.
28. The method according to claim 20 wherein the activation and coupling are carried out at temperature of at least about 75° C.
29. The method according to claim 20 wherein the activation and coupling are carried out at temperature of at least about 90° C.
30. A solid phase method for coupling amino acids into peptides or peptidomimetics, the improvement comprising: combining a hyper-acid sensitive linker connecting a peptide and a resin, an amino acid, a carbodiimide, an activator additive, and a base, with the base is present in an amount of less than 1 equivalent compared to the amino acid to be activated; and carrying out the activation and coupling at a temperature greater than 30° C.
31. The method according to claim 30 in which the base is present in an amount of 0.2 equivalent compared to the amino acid to be activated.
32. The method according to claim 30 in which the base is present in an amount of 0.1 equivalent compared to the amino acid to be activated.
33. The method according to claim 30 in which the linker is selected from the group consisting of 2-chlorotrityl and Trityl.
34. The method according to claim 30 in which the carbodiimide is selected from the group consisting of DCC, DIC, EDC, and mixtures thereof.
35. The method according to claim 30 in which the activator additive is selected from the group consisting of HOBt, HOAt, 6-Cl-HOBt, Oxyma, NHS and mixtures thereof.
36. The method according to claim 30 in which the activation and coupling are carried out at a temperature of between about 90° C. and 110° C.