Polymerized in-situ hybrid solid ion-conductive compositions
Provided herein are methods of forming solid-state ionically conductive composite materials that include particles of an inorganic phase in a matrix of an organic phase. The methods involve forming the composite materials from a precursor that is polymerized in-situ after being mixed with the particles. The polymerization occurs under applied pressure that causes particle-to-particle contact. In some embodiments, once polymerized, the applied pressure may be removed with the particles immobilized by the polymer matrix. In some implementations, the organic phase includes a cross-linked polymer network. Also provided are solid-state ionically conductive composite materials and batteries and other devices that incorporate them. In some embodiments, solid-state electrolytes including the ionically conductive solid-state composites are provided. In some embodiments, electrodes including the ionically conductive solid-state composites are provided.
1. A solid-state electrolyte composition comprising:
ionically conductive inorganic particles in a non-ionically conductive polymer matrix, wherein the non-ionically conductive polymer matrix comprises a cross-linked polymer network, and wherein the composition has an ion conductivity of at least 1×10 −4 S·cm −1 , wherein the non-ionically conductive polymer matrix is polymerized in-situ as characterized by the presence of blocked isocyanate groups in the composition.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the ionically conductive inorganic particles are at least 50% by weight of the composition.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the non-ionically conductive polymer matrix comprises a polymer binder.
4. The composition of claim 3 , wherein the polymer binder is 1-5% by weight of the composition.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the non-ionically conductive polymer matrix is free of a polymer binder.
6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the non-ionically conductive polymer matrix is 2.5%-60% by weight of the composition.
7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the non-ionically conductive polymer matrix is at least 20% by weight of the composition.
8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the ionically conductive inorganic particles are sulfide glass particles.
9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the cross-linked polymer network comprises a backbone selected from a polyolefin, a polysiloxane, a polystyrene, and a cyclic olefin polymer.
10. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the cross-linked polymer network comprises a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) backbone.
11. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the cross-linked polymer network comprises a polybutadiene (PBD) backbone.
12. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the cross-linked polymer network comprises a cured epoxy resin.
13. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the cross-linked polymer network comprises urea-urethane groups, urethane groups, or thiourethane groups.
14. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the cross-linked polymer network comprises a poly(urethane), a poly(ureaurethane), poly(thiourethane), a poly(acrylate), a poly(methacrylate), a poly(maleimide), poly(acrylamide), a poly(methacrylamide), a polyolefin, or a polystyrene.
15. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises one or more unreacted reactants or byproducts of a polymerization reaction.
16. The composition of claim 15 , wherein the unreacted reactant comprises isocyanate functional groups.
17. The composition of claim 15 , wherein the unreacted reactant comprises a functional group selected from: an amine functional group, an alcohol functional group, a thiol functional group, and a blocked isocyanate.
18. The composition of claim 15 , wherein the unreacted reactant comprises one or more functional cross-linkers.
19. The composition of claim 15 , wherein the unreacted reactant comprises functional groups selected from one or more of: an acrylic functional group, a methacrylic functional group, an acrylamide functional group, a methacrylamide functional group, a styrenic functional group, an alkenyl functional group, an alkynyl functional group, a vinyl functional group, allyl functional group, and a maleimide functional group.
20. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the blocked isocyanate groups are unreacted reactants.
21. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the cross-linked polymer network comprises one or more of:
1) —CH 2 CH(H/CH 3 )(R) where R=—C(O)—O—, —C(O)—NR—, —C 6 H 4 —, or
2) —NH—C(O)—NR—, where R is H, alkyl or aryl;
3) —NH—C(O)—O—; and
4) —NH—C(O)—S—.
22. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the non-ionically conductive polymer matrix does not include an added salt.
23. A battery comprising:
an anode;
a cathode; and
a solid-state electrolyte comprising the solid-state electrolyte composition of claim 1 .
24. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the blocked isocyanates are blocked with blocking agents selected from phenols, oximes, amines, lactams, pyrazoles, hydroxypyridines, triazloes, imidazolines, formates, and diacetones.
25. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the ionically conductive inorganic particles comprise glass-ceramic particles.
26. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the ionically conductive inorganic particles comprise ceramic particles.
27. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the ionically conductive inorganic particles comprise glass particles.
28. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has an ion conductivity of at least 1×10 −4 S·cm −1 at room temperature.