Methods, processes, and apparatuses for producing dyed and welded substrates
A dyeing and welding process may be configured to convert a substrate into a welded substrate having at least some color imparted thereto via a dye and/or coloring agent by applying a process solvent having a dye and/or coloring agent therein to the substrate, wherein the process solvent interrupts one or more intermolecular force between one or more component in the substrate. The substrate may be configured as a natural fiber, such as cellulose, hemicelluloses, and silk. The process solvent may include a binder, such as dissolved biopolymer (e.g., cellulose). After application of a process solvent comprised of a dye and/or coloring agent, the substrate may be exposed to a second application of a process solvent comprised of a binder, which second application may occur before or after a process temperature/pressure zone, process solvent recovery zone, and/or drying zone.
1. A yarn comprising:
a) a plurality of cellulose fiber substrates twisted together and adjacent to one another to form said yarn, wherein said plurality of cellulose fiber substrates contain a biopolymer;
b) an indigo dye dispersed throughout at least an exterior portion a first cellulose fiber substrate of said plurality, wherein said first cellulose fiber substrate is positioned adjacent an exterior of said yarn, wherein said indigo dye comprises a plurality of indigo dye molecules, wherein a first portion of said indigo dye molecules is entrapped within said first cellulose fiber substrate such that it dyes at least said first cellulose fiber substrate, and wherein said indigo dye molecules are in a molecular form; and,
c) wherein said first cellulose fiber substrate and a second cellulose fiber substrate of said plurality are fused together via interaction of said biopolymer between said first cellulose fiber substrate and said second cellulose fiber substrate, and wherein a second portion of said plurality of indigo dye molecules are entrapped between said first cellulose fiber substrate and said second cellulose fiber substrate.
2. The yarn according to claim 1 further comprising a binder shell surrounding a portion of said yarn.
3. The yarn according to claim 2 wherein said binder shell does not include any of said plurality of indigo dye molecules therein.
4. The yarn according to claim 1 wherein a modulus of said yarn is at least 50% greater than a modulus of a raw yarn substrate counterpart.
5. The yarn according to claim 1 wherein a modulus of said yarn is at least 100% greater than a modulus of a raw yarn substrate counterpart.
6. The yarn according to claim 1 wherein a hairiness of said yarn is reduced by at least 30% compared to a raw yarn substrate counterpart.
7. The yarn according to claim 1 wherein a hairiness of said yarn is reduced by at least 65% compared to a raw yarn substrate counterpart.
8. The yarn according to claim 1 wherein said molecular form is further defined as neither anionic or cationic.
9. The yarn according to claim 2 wherein said binder shell includes a third portion of said plurality of indigo dye molecules are entrapped therein.