Polarity reversing lead
A system, including: an implantable neural stimulator including electrodes, at least one antenna and an electrode interface; a radio-frequency (RF) pulse generator module comprising an antenna module configured to send an input signal to the antenna in the implantable neural stimulator through electrical radiative coupling, the input signal containing electrical energy and polarity assignment information that designates polarity assignments of the electrodes in the implantable neural stimulator; and wherein the implantable neural stimulator is configured to: control the electrode interface such that the electrodes have the polarity assignments designated by the polarity assignment information, create one or more electrical pulses suitable for modulation of neural tissue using the electrical energy contained in the input signal, and supply the electrical pulses to the electrodes through the electrode interface such that the electrodes apply the electrical pulses to the neural tissue with the polarity assignments designated by the polarity assignment information.
1. A system for modulating neural tissue in a patient comprising:
an implantable neural stimulator comprising one or more electrodes, at least one antenna and an electrode interface;
an external radio-frequency (RF) pulse generator module comprising an antenna module configured to send an input signal to the antenna in the implantable neural stimulator through an electrical radiative coupling, the input signal containing electrical energy that powers the implantable neural stimulator and polarity assignment information that designates polarity assignments of the electrodes in the implantable neural stimulator; and
wherein the implantable neural stimulator is configured to:
control the electrode interface such that the electrodes have the polarity assignments designated by the polarity assignment information,
create one or more electrical pulses suitable for modulation of neural tissue using the electrical energy contained in the input signal that has been received from the external RF pulse generator module through the electrical radiative coupling, and
supply the electrical pulses to the electrodes through the electrode interface such that the electrodes apply the electrical pulses to the neural tissue with the polarity assignments designated by the polarity assignment information.
2. The system of claim 1 wherein the implantable neural stimulator is configured to transmit a stimulus feedback signal indicating one or more parameters of the electrical pulses to the antenna module of the RF pulse generator module.
3. The system of claim 2 wherein the external RF pulse generator module comprises one or more circuits coupled to the antenna module and configured to receive the stimulus feedback signal adjust parameters of the input signal based on the stimulus feedback signal.
4. The system of claim 2 wherein the antenna module comprises a first antenna configured to operate at a first frequency to transmit the input signal and a second antenna configured to operate at a second frequency to receive the stimulus feedback signal from the antenna in the implantable neural stimulator, wherein the second frequency of the second antenna is higher than a resonant frequency of the first antenna.
5. The system of claim 4 wherein the second frequency of the second antenna is a second harmonic of the resonant frequency of the first antenna.
6. The system of claim 4 wherein the second frequency and the resonant frequency are in a range from 300 MHz to 6 GHz.
7. The system of claim 1 wherein the antenna of the implantable neural stimulator is between about 0.1 mm and 7 cm in length and between about 0.1 mm to 3 mm in width.
8. The system of claim 1 wherein the antenna of the implantable neural stimulator is a dipole antenna.
9. The system of claim 1 wherein:
the polarity assignments designated by the polarity assignment information include a negative polarity, a positive polarity, or a neutral polarity;
the electrical pulses include a cathodic portion and an anodic portion; and
the electrode interface comprises a polarity routing switch network that includes a first input that receives the cathodic portion of the electrical pulses and a second input that receives the anodic portion of the electrical pulses, the polarity routing switch network configured to route the cathodic portion to electrodes with a negative polarity, route the anodic portion to electrodes with a positive polarity, and disconnect electrodes with a neutral polarity from the electrical pulses.
10. The system of claim 9 wherein the implantable neural stimulator comprises one or more circuits having a register with an output coupled to a selection input of the polarity routing switch network, wherein the register is configured to store the polarity assignment information and send the stored polarity assignment information from the register's output to the selection input of the polarity routing switch network to control the polarity routing switch network to route the cathodic portion to electrodes with a negative polarity, route the anodic portion to electrodes with a positive polarity, and disconnect electrodes with a neutral polarity from the electrical pulses.
11. The system of claim 10 wherein the one or more circuits include a power-on reset circuit and a capacitor, wherein the capacitor stores a charge using a portion of the electrical energy contained in the input signal, and wherein the capacitor is configured to energize the power-on reset circuit to reset the register's contents when the implanted neural stimulator loses power.
12. The system of claim 11 wherein the one or more parameters include a current and a voltage of the electrical pulses, and the implantable neural stimulator comprises a current sensor configured to sense an amount of current in the electrical pulses and a voltage sensor configured to sense a voltage in the electrical pulses.
13. The system of claim 12 wherein the current sensor and the voltage sensor are coupled to a resistor placed in serial connection with an input of the polarity routing switch network that receives an anodic portion of the electrical pulses.
14. The system of claim 13 wherein the current sensor and the voltage sensor are coupled to an analog controlled carrier modulator, the analog controlled carrier modulator being configured to communicate the sensed current and voltage to the antenna module.
15. The system of claim 1 wherein the implantable neural stimulator comprises a rectifying circuit coupled to a RC timer, wherein the rectifying circuit is configured to rectify the input signal received by the antenna module to generate the electrical pulses and the RC timer is configured to shape the electrical pulses.
16. The system of claim 15 wherein the rectifying circuit comprises at least one full wave bridge rectifier, wherein the full wave bridge rectifier comprises a plurality of diodes, each diode being less than 100 micrometers in length.