Production of biomethane using multiple types of membrane
The invention relates to a process for recovering methane from digester biogas or landfill gas. More specifically, the invention pertains to a method for producing biomethane that removes impurities from a compressed digester biogas with staged membrane modules of at least two different types, to produce a biomethane having at least 94% CH 4 , below 3% of CO 2 , and below 4 ppm of H 2 S.
1. A method for producing biomethane, comprising:
compressing a biogas feed in a compressor to produce a compressed feed stream;
passing said compressed feed stream to a first separation stage comprising at least one polymeric gas separation membrane to retain a first gas mixture comprising at least 60% of methane, and to permeate a first low-quality gas mixture comprising impurities present in said biogas feed stream and less than 20% of methane, said biogas feed comprising 40-75% of methane, 20-55% of carbon dioxide, up to 5,000 ppm of hydrogen sulfide (“H 2 S”), an amount of siloxanes, an amount of water, and up to 2,000 ppm of volatile organic compounds (“VOC's”), said at least one membrane of said first separation stage being selective for each of H 2 S, siloxanes, and VOC's over CH 4 ,
sending a stream of said first gas mixture into a second separation stage comprising at least one polymeric gas separation membrane, to retain a second gas mixture containing at least 94% of methane, and to permeate a second permeate gas mixture comprising impurities present in said biogas feed stream and less than 70% of methane;
recycling a stream of said second permeate gas mixture to said compressor; and
withdrawing said second gas mixture from said second separation stage as biomethane, wherein said membrane of said first separation stage is substantially different from said membrane of said second separation stage, and said method excludes the use of regenerable adsorbent, said biomethane containing at least 94% methane, below 3% of CO 2 , below 4 ppm of H 2 S, below 100 ppm of VOC's, and below 0.01 wt. % of H 2 O.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising a step of passing said compressed feed stream to a water removal apparatus to remove water, after said step of compressing a biogas feed and prior to introducing said feed into said first separation stage.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said compressed feed stream has a water content of less than 0.5 wt. %.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said at least one membrane of said first separation stage is comprised of a porous polymeric substrate having at least one separation layer, wherein said substrate is selected from the group consisting of polyimides, poly sulfones, polyether ether ketones (“PEEK”), and mixtures thereof.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein said substrate is polyether ether ketones (“PEEK”).
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein said separation layer is made of a copolymer or block polymer of the formula:
where PA is an aliphatic polyamide having 6 or 12 carbon atoms and PE is either poly(ethylene oxide) poly(tetramethylene oxide).
7. The method of claim 5 , wherein said separation layer is made of repeating units of the following monomers:
8. The method of claim 5 , wherein said separation layer is made of a copolymer or block polymer of tetramethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and/or ethylene oxide.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein said at least one membrane of said first separation stage has a selectivity of at least 10 for H 2 S over CH 4 .
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said stream of said first gas mixture has a pressure drop of less than 50 psi from said feed gas.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein said first gas mixture is comprised of at least 40% methane, at least 25% carbon dioxide, less than 1,000 ppm of hydrogen sulfide, less than 100 ppm of VOC's and siloxane, and less than 0.05 wt. % of water.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein said step of passing said compressed feed stream to a first separation stage further includes removing an amount of H 2 S from said first gas mixture using a H 2 S scavenger media to produce a low-H 2 S output stream having less than 4 ppm of H 2 S from said scavenger media, and sending said low-H 2 S output stream into said second separation stage polymeric membrane in said step of sending a stream of said first gas mixture into a second separation stage.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein said second separation stage has a selectivity of at least 20 for CO 2 over CH 4 .
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein said biomethane is comprised of at least 94% methane, below 3% of CO 2 , below 4 ppm of H 2 S, below 100 ppm of VOC's, and below 0.01 wt. % of H 2 O.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein said second permeate gas mixture is comprised of about 30-70% methane, at least 30% CO 2 , below 1,000 ppm of H 2 S, below 100 ppm of VOC's, and below 0.05 wt. % of H 2 O.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein said step of sending a stream of said first gas mixture into a second separation stage further includes sending said second gas mixture to a H 2 S scavenger media, to produce a low-H 2 S product stream having less than 4 ppm of H 2 S from said media.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the permeate of said second stage is compressed in a second compressor, and said compressed gas is fed to said first stage.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein a selectivity of H 2 S over CH 4 of the polymeric gas separation membranes of the first separation stage is higher than that of the polymeric gas separation membranes of the second separation stage.