LTO coated LRMO cathode and synthesis
A method of forming a high energy density composite cathode material is disclosed. The method includes providing a lithium-rich manganese layered oxide (LRMO), coating the LRMO with a TiO 2 precursor, and ball-milling the TiO 2 coated LRMO with LiH to form a Li x TiO 2 coated LRMO composite, wherein x is less than or equal to 1 and greater than zero.
1. A method of forming a composite cathode material comprising:
providing a lithium-rich manganese layered oxide (LRMO) having the formula xLi 2 MnO 3 .(1-x)LiMO 2 , wherein M is Mn, Ni, Co, Fe, Cr, Ti, Al, Mg, V, a rare earth metal, or a combination thereof, and x is less than or equal to 1 and greater than zero;
coating the LRMO with a TiO 2 precursor; and
ball-milling the TiO 2 coated LRMO with LiH to form a Li x TiO 2 coated LRMO composite, wherein x is less than or equal to 1 and greater than zero.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein coating the LRMO with the TiO 2 precursor includes reacting the LRMO with titanium salt, deionized water, and alcohol.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the reacting is performed in a hydrothermal reactor.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the reacting is performed at a temperature of about 100° C. to about 300° C., for about 1 to about 12 hours.
5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the coating includes calcining to form the TiO 2 coated LRMO after reacting the LRMO.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the calcining is performed at about 300° C. to about 500° C., for about 30 minutes to about 8 hours.
7. The method of claim 6 , herein the calcining is performed at a heating rate of about 1° C./min to about 10° C./min.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the TiO 2 is about 0.1 wt. % to about 9 wt. % of the TiO 2 coated LRMO.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ball-milling is performed at a rate of about 200 rpm to about 750 rpm, for about 6 hours to about 24 hours.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the providing includes co-precipitating the LRMO.
11. A method of forming a composite cathode material comprising:
reacting a lithium-rich manganese layered oxide (LRMO) with a TiO 2 precursor in a hydrothermal reactor, the LRMO having the formula xLi 2 MnO 3 .(1-x)LiMO 2 , where M is Mn, Ni, Co, Fe, Cr, Ti, Al, Mg, V, a rare earth metal, or a combination thereof, and x is less than or equal to 1 and greater than zero;
calcining a precursor coated LRMO; and
ball-milling the precursor coated LRMO with LiH to form a Li x TiO 2 coated LRMO composite, wherein x is less than or equal to 1 and greater than zero.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the TiO 2 precursor is about 0.1 wt. % to about 9 wt. % of the precursor coated LRMO.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the calcining is performed at a heating rate of about 1° C./min to about 10° C./min.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein the ball-milling is performed at a rate of about 200 rpm to about 750 rpm, for about 6 hours to about 24 hours.
15. The method of claim 11 , wherein a ratio of LiH to TiO 2 for the ball-milling is about 1:1 to about 1.10:1.
16. A cathode composite material comprising:
a lithium-rich manganese layered oxide (LRMO) having the formula xLi 2 MnO 3 .(1-x)LiMO 2 ; and
a ball-milled Li x TiO 2 coating on a surface of the LRMO, the ball-milled Li x TiO 2 coating being a ball-milled LiH and TiO 2 precursor composite coating on the LRMO,
wherein M is Mn, Ni, Co, Fe, Cr, Ti, Al, Mg, V, a rare earth metal, or a combination thereof, and x is less than or equal to 1 and greater than or equal to zero.
17. The cathode composite material of claim 16 , wherein the LRMO has the formula Li[Li (1-x-y-z) Ni x Co y Mn z ]O 2 , and x, y, and z are each independently less than or equal to 1 and greater than zero, or absent.