System and method for health monitoring including a user device and biosensor
A biosensor unit is coupled to a user device and may communicate with the user device over a short range wireless or wired interface. The biosensor unit includes an optical sensor used to obtain an oxygen saturation level, a heart rate and a respiration rate of a user. The biosensor unit may also obtain a blood pressure and a temperature of the user using one or more other sensors. The biosensor unit transmits the obtained biosensor data to the user device using the short range interface.
1. A biosensor unit, comprising:
a wireless transceiver configured to communicate to a mobile device using a short range wireless interface;
a temperature sensor configured to obtain a temperature of a user;
a blood pressure sensor configured to detect blood pressure;
a photoplethysmography (PPG) circuit including a light source configured to emit light at a plurality of wavelengths directed at skin tissue and a detector that detects a plurality of spectral responses around the plurality of wavelengths of light; and
a processing circuit configured to:
process the plurality of spectral responses; and
obtain biosensor data using the plurality of spectral responses, wherein the biosensor data includes an oxygen saturation level, a heart rate, and a level of vasodilation, wherein the level of vasodilation includes a measurement of a change in a width of a vessel dilation due to vasodilators; and
wherein the processing circuit is configured to determine the level of vasodilation by:
determining a change in intensity from one or more spectral responses of the plurality of spectral responses due to the change in the width of the vessel in response to muscle relaxation of the vessel during vasodilation; and
mapping the determined change in intensity to a measurement of the width of the vessel during vasodilation, wherein the one or more spectral responses are around one or more of: ultraviolet (UV) light or infrared (IR) light.
2. The biosensor unit of claim 1 , wherein the PPG circuit is configured to detect the plurality of spectral responses from one or more of: the plurality of wavelengths of light reflected from the skin tissue or the plurality of wavelengths of light transmitted through the skin tissue.
3. The biosensor unit of claim 1 , wherein the processing circuit is further configured to determine a concentration level of at least one additional substance in blood flow using the plurality of spectral responses.
4. The biosensor unit of claim 3 , wherein the processing circuit is configured determine a concentration level of at least one additional substance in blood flow using the plurality of spectral responses by:
isolating a systolic point and a diastolic point in a first spectral response of the plurality of spectral responses and obtain a value L λ1 using a ratio of the systolic point and the diastolic point in the first spectral response;
isolating a systolic point and a diastolic point in a second spectral response of the plurality of spectral responses and obtain a value L λ2 using a ratio of the systolic point and diastolic point in the second spectral response;
obtaining a value R λ1, λ2 from a ratio of the value L λ1 and the value L λ2 ; and
determine the concentration level of the at least one additional substance using the R value and a calibration table.
5. The biosensor unit of claim 1 , wherein the processing circuit is further configured to determine a concentration level of nitric oxide (NO) in blood flow using the plurality of spectral responses.
6. The biosensor unit of claim 1 , wherein the processing circuit is further configured to determine a concentration level of glucose in blood flow using the plurality of spectral responses.
7. The biosensor unit of claim 1 , wherein the processing circuit is further configured to determine a concentration level of one or more types of blood cells in blood flow using the plurality of spectral responses.
8. The biosensor unit of claim 1 , wherein the processing circuit is further configured to determine a concentration level of alcohol in blood flow using the plurality of spectral responses.
9. The biosensor unit of claim 1 , wherein the processing circuit is further configured to determine a presence of an infection using the plurality of spectral responses.
10. The biosensor unit of claim 1 , wherein the processing circuit is further configured to obtain a concentration level of nitric oxide (NO) in blood flow by:
isolating a systolic point and a diastolic point in a first spectral response of the plurality of spectral responses and obtain a value L λ1 using the first spectral response, wherein the first spectral response is around a first wavelength responsive to NO levels in blood flow; and
isolating a systolic point and a diastolic point in a second spectral response of the plurality of spectral responses and obtain a value L λ2 using the second spectral response, wherein the second spectral response is around a second wavelength with a low absorption coefficient for NO in blood flow;
obtaining a value R λ1, λ2 from a ratio of the value L λ1 and the value L λ2 ; and
obtaining the concentration level of NO in blood flow using the value R λ1, λ2 and a calibration table.
11. The biosensor unit of claim 1 , wherein the processing circuit is further configured to obtain a concentration level of glucose in blood flow by:
isolating a systolic point and a diastolic point in a first spectral response of the plurality of spectral responses and obtain a value L λ1 using the first spectral response, wherein the first spectral response is around a first wavelength responsive to NO levels in blood flow; and
isolating a systolic point and a diastolic point in a second spectral response of the plurality of spectral responses and obtain a value L λ2 using the second spectral response, wherein the second spectral response is around a second wavelength with a low absorption coefficient for NO in blood flow;
obtaining a value R λ1, λ2 from a ratio of the value L λ1 and the value L λ2 ; and
obtaining the concentration level of glucose in the blood flow from the value R λ1, λ2 and a calibration table.
12. A biosensor unit, comprising:
a transceiver configured to communicate to a mobile device;
a PPG circuit including a light source circuit configured to emit light at a plurality of wavelengths directed at skin and a detector circuit configured to detect a plurality of spectral responses around the plurality of wavelengths of light; and
a processing circuit configured to:
process the plurality of spectral responses around the plurality of wavelengths;
obtain biosensor data using the plurality of spectral responses, wherein the biosensor data includes a concentration level of at least one substance in blood flow and a level of vasodilation, wherein the level of vasodilation includes a measurement of a localized change in width of a vessel during vasodilation; and
wherein the processing circuit is further configured to obtain the level of vasodilation by:
determining an increase in intensity from one or more spectral responses of the plurality of spectral responses due to increased blood flow through dilated arteries; and
mapping the increase in intensity to the localized change in the width of the vessel during vasodilation, wherein the one or more spectral responses are around one or more of: ultraviolet (UV) light or infrared (IR) light.
13. The biosensor unit of claim 12 , wherein the concentration level of the at least one additional substance includes at least a concentration level of nitric oxide (NO) in blood flow.
14. The biosensor unit of claim 12 , wherein the concentration level of the at least one additional substance includes at least a concentration level of glucose in blood flow.
15. The biosensor unit of claim 12 , wherein the concentration level of the at least one additional substance includes a concentration level of one or more types of blood cells in blood flow.
16. The biosensor unit of claim 12 , wherein the concentration level of the at least one additional substance includes a concentration level of alcohol in blood flow.
17. The biosensor unit of claim 12 , wherein the processing circuit is further configured to determine a presence of an infection using the plurality of spectral responses.
18. A device, comprising:
user equipment (UE) including:
a display;
a UE processing circuit; and
a device transceiver configured to communicate over a cellular network and to communicate over a short range interface;
at least one external biosensor, comprising:
a blood pressure sensor configured to detect blood pressure;
a biosensor transceiver configured to communicate with the device transceiver using the short range interface;
a PPG circuit including a light source configured to emit light at a plurality of wavelengths directed at skin tissue and a detector circuit configured to detect a first spectral response around a first predetermined wavelength of light from the skin tissue and a second spectral response around a second predetermined wavelength of light from the skin tissue;
a biosensor processing circuit configured to:
obtain biosensor data using the plurality of spectral responses, wherein the biosensor data includes an oxygen saturation level, a heart rate, and a level of vessel dilation, wherein the level of vessel dilation is due to a muscle relaxation in a vessel caused by vasodilators during vasodilation;
generate a message including the biosensor data for transmission to the user equipment over the short range wireless interface; and
wherein the biosensor processing circuit is further configured to determine a level of vessel dilation by:
determining a change in intensity from one or more spectral responses of the plurality of spectral responses during the vessel dilation; and
mapping the change in intensity to a change in a width of the vessel, wherein the one or more spectral responses are around one or more of: ultraviolet (UV) light or infrared (IR) light.
19. The device of claim 18 , wherein the UE processing circuit is further configured to:
generate a GUI that displays one or more commands for controlling the at least one external biosensor;
receive user input indicating a command for the at least one external biosensor; and
generate a command to the at least one external biosensor in response to the user input for transmission to the at least one external biosensor using the short range interface.
20. The device of claim 18 , wherein the biosensor processing circuit is configured to:
isolate a systolic point and a diastolic point in the first spectral response and obtain a value L λ1 using a ratio of the systolic point and the diastolic point in the first spectral response;
isolate a systolic point and a diastolic point in the second spectral response and obtain a value L λ2 using a ratio of the systolic point and diastolic point in the second spectral response;
obtain a value R λ1, λ2 from a ratio of the value L λ1 and the value L λ2 ;
obtain a concentration level of an additional substance in blood flow using the value R λ1, λ2 and a calibration table; and
generate a message including the concentration level of the additional substance for transmission to the user equipment over the short range wireless interface.