Toner
A toner comprising a toner particle containing a resin and a colorant, wherein, with respect to a temperature-storage elastic modulus curve obtained by powder dynamic viscoelastic measurement on the toner, (I) the relative minimum values for the variation in the storage elastic modulus E′ with respect to temperature T in the temperature range of at least 30° C. and not more than 180° C. have a relative minimum value of equal to or less than −1.00×10 7 and the relative minimum value on the lowest temperature side is equal to or less than −1.00×10 8 ; (II) the storage elastic modulus E′ (50) of the toner at 50° C. is at least 1.00×10 9 and not more than 9.00×10 9 ; and (III) for a storage elastic modulus E′ (120) of the toner at 120° C., E′ (50) and E′ (120) satisfy 1.50≤[E′ (50)]/[E′ (120)]≤3.00.
1. A toner comprising a toner particle containing a binder material and a colorant;
the binder material comprising a resin composition A and a resin composition B, a mass ratio of resin composition A to resin composition B being from 30/70 to 70/30 and a softening point of resin composition B being at least 20° C. lower than a softening point of resin composition A; and
the resin composition A comprising a hybrid resin having a polyester segment and a vinyl polymer segment, wherein
a dE′/dT curve of storage elastic modulus E′ with respect to temperature T obtained by powder dynamic viscoelastic measurement on the toner has a relative minimum values of equal to or less than −1.00×10 7 in the temperature range of from 30° C. to 180° C., and a relative minimum value on the lowest temperature side of the relative minimum values is equal to or less than −1.00×10 8 ,
E′(50) is from 1.00×10 9 to 9.00×10 9 , and
1.50≤[ E (50)]/[ E′ (120)]≤3.00
when E′(50) represents the storage elastic modulus E′ of the toner at 50° C. and E′(120) represents the storage elastic modulus E′ of the toner at 120° C.
2. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein a content of an ethyl acetate-insoluble matter of the binder material after Soxhlet extraction using ethyl acetate for 18 hours is from 18.0 to 30.0 mass % with respect to the total mass of the binder material.
3. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein a content of a tetrahydrofuran-insoluble matter of the binder material after Soxhlet extraction using tetrahydrofuran for 18 hours is from 4.0 to 10.0 mass % with respect to the total mass of the binder material.
4. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein
15.0≤(α−β)≤25.0
when α mass % represents the content of the ethyl acetate-insoluble matter of the binder material with respect to the total mass of the binder material after extraction for 18 hours in the Soxhlet extraction of the toner using ethyl acetate, and
β mass % represents the content of the tetrahydrofuran-insoluble matter of the binder material with respect to the total mass of the binder material after extraction for 18 hours in the Soxhlet extraction of the toner using tetrahydrofuran.
5. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the resin composition A and the resin composition B comprises a resin having a polyester structure.
6. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the resin composition A comprises:
a polyester resin having in a terminal at least one of an alcohol residue from a long-chain alkyl monoalcohol having an average number of carbons of from 27 to 50, and a carboxylic acid residue from a long-chain alkyl monocarboxylic acid having an average number of carbons of from 27 to 50; and
an aliphatic hydrocarbon having an average number of carbons of from 27 to 50,
the total content of the aliphatic hydrocarbon and the residue in the resin composition A being from 2.5 to 10.0 mass %.
7. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the resin composition B has not more than 10 mass % of molecular weights equal to or less than 1,000 in a molecular weight distribution measured by gel permeation chromatography.
8. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the resin composition B comprises:
a polyester resin having in a terminal at least one of an alcohol residue from a long-chain alkyl monoalcohol having an average number of carbons of from 25 to 102, and a carboxylic acid residue from a long-chain alkyl monocarboxylic acid having an average number of carbons of from 25 to 102; and
an aliphatic hydrocarbon having an average number of carbons of from 25 to 102, and
total content of the aliphatic hydrocarbon and the residue in the resin composition B being from 5.0 to 20.0 mass %.
9. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein a mass ratio of the polyester segment to the vinyl polymer segment in the hybrid resin is from 80/20 to 98/2.
10. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the vinyl polymer segment comprises a monomer unit derived from a styrene monomer, and a monomer unit derived from an acrylic acid monomer and/or a methacrylic acid monomer,
a ratio of the content of the monomer unit derived from the acrylic acid monomer and/or the methacrylic acid monomer being from 80 to 95 mol % with respect to a total monomer unit of the vinyl polymer segment.
11. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the polyester segment comprises a monomer unit derived from an ethylene oxide adduct on bisphenol A,
a ratio of the content of the monomer unit derived from the ethylene oxide adduct on bisphenol A being from 10 to 50 mol % with respect to a total monomer unit of the polyester segment.