Toner
A toner comprising a toner particle and an external additive, wherein the toner particle comprises a core comprising a resin A and a shell comprising a resin B on the surface of the core, the external additive comprises a hydrotalcite particle A, fluorine and aluminum are present in an inner part of the hydrotalcite particle A in line analysis in STEM-EDS mapping analysis of the toner, and a concentration ratio of the number of fluorine atoms relative to aluminum atoms (F/Al) in the hydrotalcite particle A, as determined by primary component mapping of the hydrotalcite particle A in the STEM-EDS mapping analysis of the toner, is 0.01 to 0.60.
1 . A toner, comprising:
a toner particle and an external additive;
the toner particle comprising a core comprising a resin A, and having a shell comprising a resin B on the surface of the core;
the external additive comprising a hydrotalcite particle A; and
fluorine and aluminum being present in an inner part of the hydrotalcite particle A in line analysis in STEM-EDS mapping analysis of the toner, wherein
a concentration ratio of the number of fluorine atoms relative to aluminum atoms (F/Al) in the hydrotalcite particle A is 0.04 to 0.30, as determined by primary component mapping of the hydrotalcite particle A in the STEM-EDS mapping analysis of the toner.
2 . The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the toner particle comprises at least one polyvalent metal element selected from the group consisting of aluminum, magnesium, calcium and iron, and
a value of a ratio of a content of fluorine in the hydrotalcite particle A relative to a content of the polyvalent metal element in the toner particle is 2.0 to 100.0 in primary component mapping of the toner particle and primary component mapping of the hydrotalcite particle A in the STEM-EDS mapping analysis of the toner.
3 . The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the toner particle contains a wax, and
a ratio by number of toner particles in which domains of the wax having areas of at least 1.0×10 −14 m 2 are present even partially in a region 0.1 μm from the surface of the toner particle is not more than 15% in a cross section of the toner observed using a transmission electron microscope.
4 . The toner according to claim 1 , wherein hydrotalcite particle A comprises magnesium.
5 . The toner according to claim 4 , wherein a value of a concentration ratio of the number of magnesium atoms relative to aluminum atoms (Mg/Al) in the hydrotalcite particle A is 1.5 to 4.0, as determined by primary component mapping of the hydrotalcite particle A in the STEM-EDS mapping analysis of the toner.
6 . The toner according to claim 1 , wherein primary particles of hydrotalcite particle A have a number average particle diameter of 60 to 1000 nm.
7 . The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the toner particle comprises aluminum as a polyvalent metal element, and
a content of aluminum in the toner particle is 0.01 to 0.07 in primary component mapping of the toner particle in the STEM-EDS mapping analysis of the toner, when a concentration of the number of carbon atoms in the toner particle is taken to be 100.
8 . The toner according to claim 1 , wherein an areal ratio of the hydrotalcite particle A relative to toner particle in an EDS measurement field of view is 0.07 to 0.54%, as measured by the STEM-EDS mapping analysis of the toner.
9 . The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the toner particle comprises a wax, and
the wax comprises a hydrocarbon wax and an ester wax.
10 . The toner according to claim 1 , wherein resin A comprises a styrene acrylic resin, and
resin B comprises a styrene acrylic resin.
11 . The toner according to claim 1 , wherein resin A comprises a polyester resin, and
resin B comprises a polyester resin.
12 . The toner according to claim 1 , wherein resin A comprises a styrene acrylic resin, and
resin B comprises a polyester resin.
13 . The toner according to claim 1 , wherein resin B has a glass transition temperature Tg of 55 to 80° C.
14 . The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the toner particle comprises a wax, and aluminum as a polyvalent metal element,
a ratio by number of toner particles in which domains of the wax having areas of at least 1.0×10 −14 m 2 are present even partially in a region 0.1 μm from the surface of the toner particle is not more than 10% in a cross section of the toner observed using a transmission electron microscope,
a content of aluminum in the toner particle is 0.02 to 0.06 in primary component mapping of the toner particle in the STEM-EDS mapping analysis of the toner, when a concentration of the number of carbon atoms in the toner particle is taken to be 100,
a number average particle diameter of primary particle of the hydrotalcite particle A is 60 to 800 nm, and
a glass transition temperature Tg of resin A is higher than a glass transition temperature Tg of resin B.