Toner and method for producing toner
A toner comprising a toner particle including a binder resin, wherein the toner is such that (1) when a powder dynamic viscoelasticity measurement method is used, a measurement start temperature is set to 25° C., and a ramp rate is set to 20° C./min, on a curve of a storage elastic modulus E′ (Pa) where a temperature (° C.) is plotted against an abscissa and the storage elastic modulus E′ is plotted against an ordinate, a temperature at a time when the E′ at a start of a measurement has decreased by 50% is from 60° C. to 90° C., and (2) a load at a yield point of a displacement-load curve which is determined by a nanoindentation method and where a load (mN) is plotted against an ordinate and a displacement amount (μm) is plotted against an abscissa, is 0.80 mN or more; and a method for producing thereof.
1. A toner, comprising:
a toner particle including a binder resin and a resin C;
resin C being an amorphous polyester resin including an isosorbide unit represented by formula (1)
wherein in a powder dynamic viscoelasticity measurement method with a measurement start temperature of 25° C., and a ramp rate of 20° C./min, a temperature is 60 to 90° C. at a time when the storage elastic modulus E′ (Pa) at a start of a measurement has decreased by 50% on a curve of a storage elastic modulus E′ where temperature (° C.) is plotted against an abscissa and the storage elastic modulus E is plotted against an ordinate, and
a load at a yield point is 0.80 mN or more of a displacement-load curve determined by a nanoindentation method where load (mN) is plotted against an ordinate and a displacement amount (μm) is plotted against an abscissa.
2. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the toner particle includes magnetic body A surface-treated with a hydrophobic treatment agent including an organic compound having a hydrophobic group.
3. The toner according to claim 2 , wherein the organic compound comprises a silane compound having a hydrocarbon group having 8 to 16 carbon atoms,
an amount of carbon derived from the silane compound in the surface-treated magnetic body A is less than 0.5% by mass, and
a (MPa 1/2 ) is 1.40 to 2.10 where a is a dipole interaction term of Hansen solubility parameter of the surface-treated magnetic body A.
4. The toner according to claim 2 , wherein in a cross section of the toner observed with a transmission electron microscope, A1 is 35 to 80% where A1 is an area ratio occupied by the surface-treated magnetic body A in a range from a contour of the cross section of the toner particle to 200 nm or less in a direction of a center of gravity of the toner particle in the cross section.
5. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the toner particle further includes magnetic body A surface-treated with a hydrophobic treatment agent including an organic compound having a hydrophobic group, and
the binder resin includes a resin B such that b<c where b (MPa 1/2 ) is a dipole interaction term of Hansen solubility parameter of resin B, and c (MPa 1/2 ) is a dipole interaction term of Hansen solubility parameter of resin C.
6. The toner according to claim 5 , wherein b<a<c where a (MPa 1/2 ) is a dipole interaction term of Hansen solubility parameter of the surface-treated magnetic body A.
7. The toner according to claim 5 , wherein |b−a|≤1.10 and |c−a|≤4.60 where a (MPa 1/2 ) is a dipole interaction term of Hansen solubility parameter of the surface-treated magnetic body A.
8. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the toner particle includes a crystalline material D and magnetic body A surface-treated with a hydrophobic treatment agent including an organic compound having a hydrophobic group, and
|d−a|≤0.75 where d (MPa 1/2 ) is a dipole interaction term of Hansen solubility parameter of crystalline material D, and a (MPa 1/2 ) is a dipole interaction term of Hansen solubility parameter of the surface-treated magnetic body A.
9. The toner according to claim 8 , wherein the toner particle includes a crystalline material D, and
in a cross section of the toner observed with a transmission electron microscope, B1/(B1+C1)≤0.20
where B1 is a number of toners having a domain of crystalline material D having a major axis of 500 nm or more and C1 is a number of toners having no domain of crystalline material D having a major axis of 500 nm or more.
10. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the toner particle includes a crystalline material E and a magnetic body A surface-treated with a hydrophobic treatment agent including an organic compound having a hydrophobic group,
an amount of crystalline material E is 5.0 parts by mass or less with respect to 100.0 parts by mass of the binder resin, and
|e−a|≥1.50 where e (MPa 1/2 ) is a dipole interaction term of Hansen solubility parameter of the crystalline material E, and a (MPa 1/2 ) is a dipole interaction term of Hansen solubility parameter of the surface-treated magnetic body A.
11. A method for producing a toner comprising a toner particle including a binder resin and a resin C, the method comprising the steps of:
dispersing a polymerizable monomer composition in an aqueous medium, and forming particles of the polymerizable monomer composition in the aqueous medium, the polymerizable monomer composition including a polymerizable monomer capable of forming the binder resin, and resin C; and
polymerizing the polymerizable monomer included in the particles of the polymerizable monomer composition, wherein
resin C is an amorphous polyester resin including an isosorbide unit represented by formula (1)
wherein in a powder dynamic viscoelasticity measurement method with a measurement start temperature of 25° C., and a ramp rate of 20° C./min, a temperature is 60 to 90° C. at a time when the storage elastic modulus E′ (Pa) at a start of a measurement has decreased by 50% on a curve of a storage elastic modulus E′ where temperature (° C.) is plotted against an abscissa and the storage elastic modulus E is plotted against an ordinate, and
a load at a yield point is 0.80 mN or more of a displacement-load curve determined by a nanoindentation method where load (mN) is plotted against an ordinate and a displacement amount (μm) is plotted against an abscissa.
12. The method for producing a toner according to claim 11 , wherein the polymerizable monomer composition includes magnetic body A subjected to surface treatment with a hydrophobic treatment agent including an organic compound having a hydrophobic group.
13. The method for producing a toner according to claim 12 , wherein the organic compound includes a silane compound having a hydrocarbon group having 8 to 16 carbon atoms,
an amount of carbon derived from the silane compound in the surface-treated magnetic body A is less than 0.5% by mass, and
a is from 1.40 to 2.10 where a is a dipole interaction term of Hansen solubility parameter of the surface-treated magnetic body A.
14. The method for producing a toner according to claim 11 , wherein the polymerizable monomer comprises a polymerizable monomer b capable of forming a resin B,
the polymerizable monomer composition further includes a magnetic body A subjected to surface treatment with a hydrophobic treatment agent including an organic compound having a hydrophobic group, and
b<a<c where a (MPa 1/2 ) is a dipole interaction term of Hansen solubility parameter of the surface-treated magnetic body A, b (MPa 1/2 ) is a dipole interaction term of Hansen solubility parameter of the resin B, and c (MPa 1/2 ) is a dipole interaction term of Hansen solubility parameter of the resin C.
15. The method for producing a toner according to claim 14 , wherein |b−a|≤1.10 and |c−a|≤4.60.
16. The method for producing a toner according to claim 11 , wherein the polymerizable monomer composition includes a crystalline material D and
a magnetic body A subjected to surface treatment with a hydrophobic treatment agent including an organic compound having a hydrophobic group, and
|d−a|≤0.75 where d (MPa 1/2 ) is a dipole interaction term of Hansen solubility parameter of the crystalline material D, and a (MPa 1/2 ) is a dipole interaction term of Hansen solubility parameter of the surface-treated magnetic body A.
17. The method for producing a toner according to claim 11 , wherein the polymerizable monomer composition includes a crystalline material E and a magnetic body A subjected to surface treatment with a hydrophobic treatment agent including an organic compound having a hydrophobic group,
an amount of the crystalline material E is 5.0 parts by mass or less with respect to 100.0 parts by mass of the polymerizable monomer capable of forming the binder resin, and
|e−a|≥1.50 where e (MPa 1/2 ) is a dipole interaction term of Hansen solubility parameter of the crystalline material E, and a (MPa 1/2 ) is a dipole interaction term of Hansen solubility parameter of the surface-treated magnetic body A.