Pixel array medical systems, devices and methods
Systems, instruments, and methods for minimally invasive procedures including one or more of fractional resection, fractional lipectomy, fractional skin grafting, and/or fractional scar revision are described. Embodiments include instrumentation comprising a scalpet assembly coupled to a carrier, and the scalpet assembly includes a scalpet array. The scalpet array includes one or more scalpets configured for fractional resection, fractional lipectomy, fractional skin grafting, and/or fractional scar revision. The system includes a vacuum component coupled to the scalpet assembly and configured to evacuate tissue from the a site. The carrier is configured to control application of a rotational force and/or a vacuum force to the scalpet assembly.
1. A method comprising:
configuring a carrier for fractional skin grafting comprising fractional resection of tissue by coupling the carrier to a scalpet assembly comprising a scalpet array including a plurality of scalpets rotatably coupled to the scalpet assembly, and a vacuum component, wherein each scalpet is configured to rotate around a central axis of the respective scalpet of the plurality of scalpets;
configuring a marking system for marking a target site of a subject, wherein the target site includes a donor site;
configuring the scalpet assembly for generating a fractional field at the target site by fractionally resecting tissue according to the marking, wherein the fractional resection of tissue according to the marking includes circumferentially incising and removing a plurality of skin plugs by at least one application of the scalpet assembly; and
configuring the scalpet assembly for removing the plurality of skin plugs from the target site, wherein the plurality of skin plugs is configured for placement at a recipient site as a skin graft.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the removing of the plurality of skin plugs includes directing the plurality of skin plugs into a collection canister.
3. The method of claim 1 , comprising transferring of the skin graft to the recipient site via non-uniform transfer of the plurality of skin plugs.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the non-uniform transfer of the plurality of skin plugs includes free-form transfer.
5. The method of claim 1 , comprising transferring of the skin graft to the recipient site via uniform transfer of the plurality of skin plugs.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the uniform transfer comprises transfer with a docking tray including a plurality of receptacles, wherein the docking tray receives the plurality of skin plugs removed from the donor site.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the docking tray maintains an orientation of the plurality of skin plugs removed from the donor site.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the docking tray comprises an elastomeric material.
9. The method of claim 6 , wherein the uniform transfer comprises transfer with an adherent substrate that captures the plurality of skin plugs from the docking tray.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the adherent substrate maintains relative positioning of the plurality of skin plugs during transfer to and application at the recipient site.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the adherent substrate applies the plurality of skin plugs to the recipient site.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the adherent substrate aligns the plurality of skin plugs at the recipient site.
13. The method of claim 1 , comprising placing of the skin graft at the recipient site via spreading the plurality of skin plugs over an area of the recipient site.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the spreading includes placing the plurality of skin plugs in contact with the recipient site in a side orientation.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the plurality of skin plugs evoke side-neovascularization at the recipient site.
16. The method of claim 13 , wherein the spreading includes placing the plurality of skin plugs in contact with the recipient site in a horizontal orientation.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the plurality of skin plugs evoke a side to end neovascularization at the recipient site.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of skin plugs evoke a wound healing response at the recipient site.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein a plurality of voids caused by removal of the plurality of skin plugs evoke a wound healing response at the donor site.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the marking comprises marking a plurality of fractional resection sites at the target site.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the marking of the plurality of fractional resection sites comprises applying a fractional marking system to the target site.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the applying of the fractional marking system to the target site includes application of the scalpet array at the target site.
23. The method of claim 22 , wherein application of the scalpet array at the target site produces an adequate fractional density harvest at the target site.
24. The method of claim 20 , wherein the marking comprises marking a second plurality of fractional resection sites at the target site.
25. The method of claim 24 , comprising generating a second fractional field at the second plurality of fractional resection sites using a second fractional resection of tissue according to the marking.
26. The method of claim 25 , wherein the second fractional resection of tissue according to the marking includes circumferentially incising and removing a second plurality of skin plugs by at least one application of the scalpet assembly, wherein a second skin graft comprises the second plurality of skin plugs.
27. The method of claim 26 , comprising transferring and placing the second skin graft at the recipient site.
28. The method of claim 1 , comprising identifying a second target site of the subject, wherein the second target site includes a second donor site.
29. The method of claim 28 , comprising generating a second fractional field at the second target site using a second fractional resection of tissue according to the marking.
30. The method of claim 29 , wherein the second fractional resection of tissue according to the marking includes circumferentially incising and removing a second plurality of skin plugs by at least one application of the scalpet assembly, wherein a second skin graft comprises the second plurality of skin plugs.
31. The method of claim 30 , comprising transferring and placing the second skin graft at the recipient site.
32. The method of claim 1 , wherein the vacuum component is configured to remove the tissue using vacuum force.
33. The method of claim 32 , wherein the vacuum component includes a vacuum manifold configured to couple to a distal end of the carrier, wherein the vacuum manifold includes a vacuum port configured to couple to a vacuum source.
34. The method of claim 33 , wherein the vacuum manifold is coupled to a lumen of each of the plurality of scalpets and configured to direct the vacuum force to the target site intraluminally via the lumen of the respective scalpet of the plurality of scalpets.
35. The method of claim 33 , wherein the vacuum manifold is configured to direct the vacuum force to the target site extraluminally.
36. The method of claim 33 , wherein the vacuum component includes a vacuum aspirator.
37. The method of claim 33 , wherein the vacuum force is configured for vacuum stabilization of the target site during the fractional resection of tissue according to the marking.
38. The method of claim 33 , comprising a controller configured to automatically control at least one of a rotational force to the plurality of scalpets and delivery of the vacuum force to the target site.
39. The method of claim 1 , wherein each scalpet of the plurality of scalpets comprises a cylindrical scalpet including a lumen extending at least partially from a distal end towards a proximal end of the respective scalpet of the plurality of scalpets, wherein a distal region of each scalpet of the plurality of scalpets proximate to the distal end of the respective scalpet of the plurality of scalpets is configured to incise and receive tissue.
40. The method of claim 39 , wherein the distal region of each scalpet of the plurality of scalpets includes a cutting surface.
41. The method of claim 40 , wherein the cutting surface of each scalpet of the plurality of scalpets includes at least one of a sharpened edge, at least one sharpened point, a serrated edge, and a blunt edge.
42. The method of claim 39 , wherein the lumen of each scalpet of the plurality of scalpets and the proximal end of each scalpet of the plurality of scalpets is configured to pass tissue from the target site.
43. The method of claim 39 , wherein each scalpet of the plurality of scalpets includes at least one aperture positioned axially adjacent a hollow region.
44. The method of claim 43 , wherein the at least one aperture of each scalpet of the plurality of scalpets is configured to divert received tissue at least one of radially outward from an interior region of the respective scalpet of the plurality of scalpets and radially inward toward the interior region of the respective scalpet of the plurality of scalpets.
45. The method of claim 1 , wherein the scalpet assembly includes a drive assembly coupled to the plurality of scalpets, wherein the drive assembly is configured to impart a rotational force to a proximal region of each scalpet of the plurality of scalpets, wherein the rotational force rotates the respective scalpet of the plurality of scalpets around the central axis of the respective scalpet of the plurality of scalpets.
46. The method of claim 1 , wherein the configuring the carrier includes configuring the carrier for use with a depth guide, wherein the depth guide controls a depth of penetration of the scalpet array into the tissue.