Post-emergence herbicide
Some embodiments relate to herbicide compositions and methods of inducing phytotoxicity in a plant, by administering an aqueous composition to foliar portions of the plant. This aqueous composition includes at least one nutrient, and at least one adjuvant, and has a pH of about 4 to about 7. In some embodiments, the aqueous composition comprises an organic or mineral acid. In some embodiments, the phytotoxicity is topical. In some embodiments, the phytoxicity is systemic. Without being limited by theory, the nutrient is absorbed by the plant in excess, thereby killing the plant.
1. A method of inducing phytotoxicity in a plant, the method comprising administering an excess of nutrient in an aqueous composition to foliar portions of the plant, the aqueous composition comprising:
at least one nutrient compound selected from the group consisting of: a potassium compound, a phosphorus compound, a nitrogen compound, a magnesium compound, a sulfur compound, a calcium compound, and a combination of two or more of the listed items; and
at least one adjuvant,
wherein the pH of the aqueous composition is about 4 to about 7,
wherein the excess of nutrient is an amount effective to be absorbed systemically by the plant and cause system terminal physiological disruption in the plant,
whereby the excess of nutrient is absorbed systemically by the plant, thereby inducing systemic phytotoxicity in the plant, thereby killing the plant.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous composition further comprises an organic acid or a mineral acid.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pH of the composition is about 4.5 to about 5.5.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the concentration of the nutrient in the aqueous composition is about 1 M to about 2 M.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous composition further comprises an organic acid, and the organic acid is selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, formic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, and oxalic acid.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nutrient compound is selected from the group consisting of: potassium acetate, potassium lactate, potassium formate, potassium citrate, and potassium bitartrate.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nutrient compound is selected from the group consisting of: a potassium compound, a phosphorus compound, a nitrogen compound, a sulfur compound, a calcium compound, a micronutrient, and a combination of two or more of the listed items.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nutrient compound comprises:
an ion selected from the group consisting of: K, P, N, Mg, S, and Ca; and
an oppositely-charged ion, wherein the oppositely-charged ion is not an herbicide.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition has a low point of deliquescence (POD), whereby the composition is retained in semi-liquid state on the foliar portion of the plant for 2-4 days.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising a second administration within 14 days of the first administration of the composition.
11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising administering a burn down herbicide to the plant.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the burn down herbicide comprises an organic acid composition selected from the group consisting of: a composition comprising caprylic (octanoic) acid and capric (decanoic) acid, a composition comprising pelargonic (nonanoic) acid and C 6 -C 12 fatty acids, a composition comprising ammonium nonanoate, and a composition comprising an ammonium salt of pelargonic acid.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the adjuvant comprises a surfactant, a humectant, or both.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the humectant comprises a sugar selected from the group consisting of dextrose, fructose, sucrose, or a combination of any of these.
15. A kit comprising:
a first unit quantity of a nutrient compound selected from the group consisting of: a potassium compound, a phosphorus compound, a nitrogen compound, a magnesium compound, a sulfur compound, a calcium compound, and a combination of two or more of the listed items;
a second unit quantity of organic or mineral acid; and
an adjuvant,
wherein a ratio of the first unit quantity to the second unit quantity is configured to achieve an acidic pH in the range of 4 to 7 if the first unit quantity is constituted to a nutrient molarity of 0.5-2.0 in water.
16. An aqueous herbicide composition comprising;
at least one nutrient compound selected from the group consisting of: a potassium compound, a phosphorus compound, a nitrogen compound, a magnesium compound, a sulfur compound, a calcium compound, and a combination of two or more of the listed items, wherein the nutrient compound comprises a nutrient at a concentration of at least 0.5 M in the aqueous herbicide composition;
an organic or mineral acid; and
an adjuvant,
wherein the composition has an acidic pH in the range of about 4 to about 7.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous composition further comprises glufosinate.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous composition further comprises a non-nutrient herbicide.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the excess of nutrient is an amount effective to cause opening of stomata.