Micropillar-enabled thermal ground plane
A thermal ground plane (TGP) is disclosed. A TGP may include a first planar substrate member comprising copper and a second planar substrate member comprising a metal, wherein the first planar substrate member and the second planar substrate member enclose a working fluid. The TGP may include a first plurality of pillars disposed on an interior surface of the first planar substrate and a mesh layer disposed on the top of the first plurality of pillars, wherein the mesh layer comprises at least one of copper, polymer encapsulated with copper, or stainless steel encapsulated with copper. The TGP may also include a second plurality of pillars disposed on an interior surface of the second planar substrate member within an area defined by the perimeter of the second planar substrate member and the second plurality of pillars extend from the second planar substrate member to the mesh layer.
1. A thermal ground plane comprising:
a first substrate member comprising copper;
a second substrate member comprising a metal, wherein the first substrate member and the second substrate member enclose a working fluid;
a first plurality of pillars disposed on an interior surface of the first substrate;
a mesh layer disposed on the top of the first plurality of pillars, wherein the mesh layer comprises at least one of copper, polymer encapsulated with copper, or stainless steel encapsulated with copper;
a second plurality of pillars disposed on an interior surface of the second substrate member within an area defined by the perimeter of the second substrate member and the second plurality of pillars extend from the second substrate member to the mesh layer; and
a third plurality of pillars that extend from the first substrate member to the second substrate member a third plurality of pillars that extend from the first substrate member to the second substrate member.
2. The thermal ground plane according to claim 1 , wherein the second plurality of pillars are not in contact with the first substrate member.
3. The thermal ground plane according to claim 1 , wherein the thermal ground plane has a thickness less than 300 microns.
4. The thermal ground plane according to claim 1 , wherein the mesh layer is bonded with the first plurality of pillars.
5. The thermal ground plane according to claim 1 , wherein the mesh layer comprises at least two mesh layers and each mesh layer comprises the same material as the other mesh layers.
6. The thermal ground plane according to claim 1 , wherein the mesh layer comprises at least two mesh layers and each mesh layer comprises a different material than the other mesh layers.
7. The thermal ground plane according to claim 1 , wherein a perimeter of the first substrate member and a perimeter of the second substrate member are hermetically sealed together.
8. The thermal ground plane according to claim 7 , wherein the hermetical seal is a thermocompression-bonded, an ultrasound-welded, an electrostatic welded, or a laser-welded copper-to-copper interface.
9. The thermal ground plane according to claim 1 , wherein the spacing between each pillar of the second plurality of pillars is larger than two times of the diameter of each pillar of the second plurality of pillars.
10. The thermal ground plane according to claim 1 , wherein the mesh layer may include a mesh selected from the list consisting of copper mesh, stainless steel mesh, metal mesh, polymer mesh and copper-encapsulated mesh.
11. A thermal ground plane comprising:
a first substrate member comprising copper and either stainless steel or polymer;
a second substrate member comprising a metal, wherein a perimeter of the first substrate member and a perimeter of the second substrate member are hermetically sealed together, wherein the first substrate member and the second substrate member enclose a working fluid;
a mesh layer bonded with the first substrate member, wherein the mesh layer comprises at least one of copper, polymer encapsulated with copper, or stainless steel encapsulated with copper;
a plurality of pillars disposed on an interior surface of the second substrate member within an area defined by the perimeter of the second substrate member and the plurality of pillars extend from the second substrate member to the mesh layer and are not in contact with the first substrate member; and
a third plurality of pillars that extend from the first substrate member to the second substrate member.
12. The thermal ground plane according to claim 11 , wherein the mesh layer comprises at least two mesh layers and each mesh layer comprises the same material as the other mesh layers.
13. The thermal ground plane according to claim 11 , wherein the mesh layer comprises at least two mesh layers and each mesh layer comprises a different material than the other mesh layers.
14. The thermal ground plane according to claim 11 , wherein the thermal ground plane has a thickness less than 300 microns.
15. The thermal ground plane according to claim 11 , wherein the mesh layer may include a mesh selected from the list consisting of copper mesh, stainless steel mesh, metal mesh, polymer mesh and copper-encapsulated mesh.
16. A thermal ground plane comprising:
a first substrate member comprising copper;
a second substrate member comprising a metal, wherein the first substrate member and the second substrate member enclose a working fluid;
a mesh layer bonded with the first substrate member, wherein the mesh layer comprises at least one of copper, polymer encapsulated with copper, or stainless steel encapsulated with copper;
a second plurality of pillars disposed on an interior surface of the second substrate member within an area defined by the perimeter of the second substrate member and the second plurality of pillars extend from the second substrate member to the mesh layer and are not in contact with the first substrate member; and
a third plurality of pillars that extend from the first substrate member to the second substrate member.
17. The thermal ground plane according to claim 16 , wherein the mesh layer comprises at least two mesh layers and each mesh layer comprises the same material as the other mesh layers.
18. The thermal ground plane according to claim 16 , wherein the mesh layer comprises at least two mesh layers and each mesh layer comprises a different material than the other mesh layers.
19. A thermal ground plane comprising:
a first substrate member comprising copper;
a second substrate member comprising a metal, wherein the first substrate member and the second substrate member enclose a working fluid;
a mesh layer bonded with the first substrate member, wherein the mesh layer comprises at least one of copper, polymer encapsulated with copper, or stainless steel encapsulated with copper;
a second plurality of pillars disposed on an interior surface of the second substrate member within an area defined by the perimeter of the second substrate member and the second plurality of pillars extend from the second substrate member to the mesh layer; and
a third plurality of pillars that extend from the first substrate member to the second substrate member.
20. The thermal ground plane according to claim 19 , wherein the mesh layer comprises at least two mesh layers and each mesh layer comprises the same material as the other mesh layers.
21. The thermal ground plane according to claim 19 , wherein the mesh layer comprises at least two mesh layers and each mesh layer comprises a different material than the other mesh layers.