Plating bath solutions
The present invention is directed to compositions for electroless plating baths and their use, and more particularly to different solutions or concentrates each usable to both make up an original bath and to replenishment of the original bath.
1. A single plating solution configured to be an initial solution added to water to form a plating bath and as a replenishment solution for the same plating bath comprising, in the same defined concentrations:
a metal salt;
a complexer, said complexer selected from the group consisting of lactic acid, malic acid, maleic anhydride, glycine, citric acid, citrates, glycolic acid or salts, succinic acid or salts, beta-alanine, EDTA, ammonium carbonate, ammonium chloride, propionic acid, tetra potassium pyrophosphate, and boric acid;
a reducing agent;
at least one pH adjuster; and
at least one stabilizer for stabilizing a plating reaction.
2. The plating solution of claim 1 , further comprising at least one type of particulate matter stabilizer.
3. The plating solution of claim 1 , wherein said stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of lead, bismuth, tin, copper, antimony, sulfur, and non-metal stabilizers.
4. The plating solution of claim 1 , further comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of a brightener, a buffer, an anti-pit agent, or an accelerator.
5. The plating solution of claim 1 , wherein said plating solution has a pH in a range of about 5.0-7.0.
6. The plating solution of claim 1 , wherein said plating solution is stable in a temperature range of −5 to 45° C.
7. The plating solution of claim 1 , wherein the articles plated in said plating bath are conformant to RoHS, ELV, and WEEE regulations.
8. The plating solution of claim 1 , wherein said metal salt further comprises nickel and said plating bath is an electroless nickel plating bath.
9. The plating solution of claim 8 , wherein said plating solution is able to form a plating bath that comprises at least one of electroless nickel, electroless nickel with PTFE, electroless nickel with diamond, electroless nickel with silicon carbide, electroless nickel with visually detectable particles, electroless nickel with boron nitride particles, graphite, graphene, carbides, oxides, or fluorides.
10. The plating solution of claim 1 , wherein the initial plating bath formed with said solution has a pH in a defined range, and upon replenishment, the replenished bath has a pH in the same range.
11. The plating solution of claim 1 , wherein articles plated in a bath comprised of said solution include coatings with electroless nickel phosphorus and PTFE over a bath life of at least three metal turnovers.
12. The plating solution of claim 1 , wherein articles plated in a bath comprised of said solution include coatings with at least one of the items selected from a group consisting of diamond, silicon carbide, boron nitride, PTFE, graphite, graphene, carbides, oxides, fluorides, and visually detectable particles wherein said detectable particles include at least one of insoluble, fluorescent or otherwise visually detectable particles.
13. A plating solution concentrate comprising, in defined concentrations:
a complexer, said complexer selected from the group consisting of lactic acid, malic acid, maleic anhydride, glycine, citric acid, citrates, glycolic acid or salts, succinic acid or salts, beta-alanine, EDTA, ammonium carbonate, ammonium chloride, propionic acid, tetra potassium pyrophosphate, and boric acid;
at least one pH adjuster; and
at least one stabilizer for stabilizing a plating reaction;
wherein said plating solution concentrate is mixable with water to form an initial plating bath and is also usable in the same concentrations for replenishing said bath.
14. The concentrate of claim 13 , further comprising a metal salt.
15. The concentrate of claim 13 , further comprising reducing agent.
16. The concentrate of claim 15 , further comprising a metal salt.
17. The concentrate of claim 13 , further comprising at least one type of particulate matter stabilizer.
18. The concentrate of claim 13 , wherein a pH of the initial bath is in a defined range and upon replenishment, the replenished bath has a pH in the same range.
19. The concentrate of claim 18 , wherein said concentrate has a pH in the range of about 8.0-10.0.
20. The concentrate of claim 13 , wherein articles plated in a bath comprised of said concentrate include coatings with at least one of the items selected from a group consisting of diamond, silicon carbide, boron nitride, PTFE, graphite, graphene, carbides, oxides, fluorides, and visually detectable particles, wherein said detectable particles include at least one of insoluble, fluorescent or otherwise visually detectable particles, and said visually detectability is related to at least one from the group consisting of phosphorescent, fluorescent, chemically and electronically detectable.