Cold formed laminates
The principles and embodiments of the present disclosure relate generally to complexly curved laminates made from a complexly curved substrate and a flat substrate, such as automotive window glazings, and methods of cold forming complexly-curved glass products from a curved substrate and a flat substrate. In one or more embodiments, the laminate includes first complexly-curved glass substrate with a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, a second complexly-curved glass substrate with a third surface and a fourth surface opposite the third surface with a thickness therebetween; and a polymer interlayer affixed to the second convex surface and third surface, wherein the third surface and fourth surface have compressive stress values respectively that differ such that the fourth surface has as compressive stress value that is greater than the compressive stress value of the third surface.
1. A method of producing a complexly-curved laminate, comprising:
placing an interlayer between a first complexly-curved substrate and a flat second glass substrate to form a stack;
applying pressure to the stack to press the flat second glass substrate against the interlayer and the first complexly-curved substrate to form the complexly-curved laminate; and
heating the complexly-curved laminate to a temperature below 400° C.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first complexly-curved substrate comprises metal, ceramic, plastic, or glass.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the flat second glass substrate comprises a thickness in a range of about 0.1 mm to about 1.4 mm, and the first complexly-curved substrate comprises a thickness in a range of about 1.4 mm to about 3.85 mm.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pressure is at about 1 atmosphere or greater.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pressure is applied to the stack using a vacuum.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pressure is applied to the stack at room temperature.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising heating the complexly-curved laminate to a temperature in a range of about 100° C. to about 140° C.
8. The complexly-curved laminate formed by the method of claim 1 .
9. A method of producing a complexly-curved laminate, comprising:
arranging a complexly-curved glass substrate having a curvature along two axes with an interlayer and a second glass substrate in a stack such that the interlayer is between the complexly-curved glass substrate and the second glass substrate, the second glass substrate having a curvature along two axes, wherein the curvature of the second glass substrate does not match the curvature of the complexly-curved glass substrate; and
applying pressure to the stack at room temperature, wherein the curvature of the second glass substrate conforms to the curvature of the complexly-curved glass substrate to form a complexly-curved laminate.
10. The method of claim 9 , further comprising heating the stack to a temperature in a range of about 100° C. to about 140° C. to form a bond between the interlayer, the complexly-curved glass substrate, and the second glass substrate.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the second glass substrate is a chemically-strengthened glass substrate having a thickness in a range of about 0.1 mm to about 1.4 mm, and the complexly-curved glass substrate is a soda lime glass having a thickness in a range of about 1.4 mm to about 3.85 mm.
12. The complexly-curved laminate formed by the method of claim 9 .