Basket catheter with microelectrode array distal tip
A catheter adapted for greater mapping resolution and location precision has a basket-shaped, high density electrode assembly for large-area mapping, and an integrated distal tip providing an array of ultra-high density microelectrodes for acute focal mapping. The basket-shaped electrode assembly 18 has a plurality of electrode-carrying spines and the distal tip has a nonmetallic, electrically insulating substrate body with indentations in which microelectrodes are positioned in a manner that the outer surface is generally flush with the outer surface of the substrate body to present a generally smooth, atraumatic distal tip profile.
1. A catheter comprising:
an elongated catheter body having proximal and distal ends and at least one lumen therethrough;
a tip assembly at the distal end of the catheter body, the tip assembly comprising:
a substrate body having proximal and distal portions and a generally solid and unitary construction, the proximal portion of the substrate body comprising a radial outer surface, and the distal portion of the substrate body comprising a domed outer surface,
a plurality of recessed microelectrodes embedded in the radial outer surface or domed outer surface of the substrate body so that the recessed microelectrodes are flush with the radial outer surface or the domed outer surface of the substrate body,
a plurality of microelectrode lead wires, each of the microelectrode lead wires corresponding to one of the plurality of recessed microelectrodes, and
at least first and second isolated through holes in the solid construction of the substrate body, at least one of the plurality of microelectrode lead wires extending from the respective microelectrode through the first isolated through hole to a proximal end of the substrate body, and at least one other of the plurality of microelectrode lead wires extending from its respective microelectrode through the second isolated through hole to the proximal end of the substrate body.
2. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the plurality of recessed microelectrodes is a radial microelectrode having an outer surface flush with the radial outer surface of the substrate body.
3. The catheter of claim 2 , wherein the radial outer surface of the substrate body and the outer surface of the radial microelectrode have a common two-dimensional curvature.
4. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the plurality of recessed microelectrodes is a distal microelectrode having an outer surface flush with the domed outer surface of the substrate body.
5. The catheter of claim 4 , wherein the domed outer surface of the substrate body and the outer surface of the distal microelectrode have a common three-dimensional curvature.
6. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the plurality of recessed microelectrodes is a distal end microelectrode having a common three-dimensional curvature with the domed outer surface, and at least one other of the plurality of recessed microelectrodes is a radial microelectrode having a common two-dimensional curvature with the radial outer surface.
7. A catheter comprising:
an elongated catheter body having proximal and distal ends and at least one lumen therethrough;
a tip assembly at the distal end of the catheter body, the tip assembly comprising:
a substrate body having proximal and distal ends and a generally solid and unitary construction,
a plurality of recessed microelectrodes embedded in an outer surface of the substrate body so that the recessed microelectrodes are flush with the outer surface of the substrate body, each of the plurality of recessed microelectrodes having a surface area of about 0.05 mm 2 to about 0.5 mm 2 ,
a plurality of microelectrode lead wires, each of the microelectrode lead wires corresponding to one of the plurality of recessed microelectrodes, and
at least first and second isolated through holes in the solid construction of the substrate body, at least one of the plurality of microelectrode lead wires extending from its respective microelectrode through the first isolated through hole to the proximal end of the substrate body, and at least one other of the plurality of microelectrode lead wires extending from its respective microelectrode through the second isolated through hole to the proximal end of the substrate body.
8. The catheter of claim 7 , wherein each of the plurality of recessed microelectrodes has a surface area of about 0.015 mm 2 .
9. The catheter of claim 7 , wherein the plurality of recessed microelectrodes comprises at least sixteen microelectrodes.
10. The catheter of claim 7 , wherein the plurality of recessed microelectrodes comprises at least six microelectrodes.
11. The catheter of claim 7 , further comprising an intermediate deflection section between the catheter body and the tip assembly.
12. The catheter of claim 11 , further comprising at least one puller wire that extends through the catheter body and the intermediate deflection section, the puller wire having a distal end anchored at or near a proximal end of the intermediate deflection section.
13. A catheter comprising:
an elongated catheter body having proximal and distal ends and at least one lumen therethrough;
a basket electrode assembly at the distal end of the catheter body, the basket electrode assembly having proximal and distal ends and comprising a plurality of spines, the plurality of spines comprising a plurality of electrodes, the distal end of the basket electrode assembly comprising a substrate body and a plurality of recessed microelectrodes, the substrate body having an outer surface, and outer surfaces of the plurality of recessed microelectrodes are flush with the outer surface of the substrate body; and
at least one location sensor either in the substrate body or proximal of the basket assembly.
14. The catheter according to claim 13 , wherein the at least one location sensor comprises a distal location sensor in the substrate body at the distal end of the basket electrode assembly.
15. The catheter according to claim 14 , further comprising a location sensor cable extending proximally from the distal location sensor through the basket electrode assembly and the elongated catheter body.
16. The catheter according to claim 13 , wherein the at least one location sensor comprises a proximal location sensor proximal of the basket electrode assembly.
17. The catheter according to claim 13 , wherein the at least one location sensor comprises a distal location sensor in the substrate body at the distal end of the basket electrode assembly, and a proximal location sensor proximal of the basket electrode assembly.
18. The catheter according to claim 13 , wherein each of the plurality of recessed microelectrodes has a surface area of about 0.05 mm 2 to about 0.5 mm 2 .
19. The catheter according to claim 13 , wherein the substrate body comprises proximal and distal portions, the proximal portion of the substrate body comprising a radial outer surface, and the distal portion of the substrate body comprising a domed outer surface.
20. The catheter according to claim 19 , wherein at least one of the plurality of recessed microelectrodes is a distal end microelectrode having a common three-dimensional curvature with the domed outer surface, and at least one other of the plurality of recessed microelectrodes is a radial microelectrode having a common two-dimensional curvature with the radial outer surface.