Terminal, terminal-equipped housing, and terminal attaching method
A terminal that can be simply joined in the atmosphere; an electrical apparatus including the terminal; and a method of attaching a terminal to a housing made of a metal material by which a passivation film is readily formed on a surface thereof are provided. A terminal can be fixedly adhered to a housing, and includes: a metal outer ring; a lead penetrating through the metal outer ring; and an insulating material providing sealing between the metal outer ring and the lead. The metal outer ring has a joint edge to be joined to the housing. A coating layer turning into a liquid phase at a temperature lower than a melting temperature of the housing is provided at least in the joint edge.
1. A terminal that can be fixedly adhered to a housing made of a metal material, the terminal comprising:
a metal outer ring;
a lead penetrating through the metal outer ring; and
an insulating material for providing sealing between the metal outer ring and the lead,
the metal outer ring having a joint edge to be joined to the housing, a coating layer being provided at least in the joint edge, the coating layer turning into a liquid phase at a temperature lower than a melting temperature of the housing.
2. The terminal according to claim 1 , wherein the coating layer is made of a metal material having fluidity and configured to cover the joint edge of the metal outer ring at the temperature at which the coating layer turns into a liquid phase, to prevent oxidation of the housing and the joint edge of the metal outer ring for a prescribed time period.
3. The terminal according to claim 1 , wherein the coating layer is made of a metal material selected from the group consisting of Sn, an Sn alloy, an Au alloy, an Ag alloy, and a Cu alloy.
4. The terminal according to claim 1 , wherein the joint edge has a protrusion or a recess.
5. The terminal according to claim 4 , wherein the protrusion is provided so as to continuously extend in a circumferential manner along the joint edge.
6. The terminal according to claim 4 , wherein the recess is provided in a groove shape so as to continuously extend in a circumferential manner along the joint edge.
7. The terminal according to claim 4 , wherein a plurality of the protrusions or a plurality of the recesses are provided.
8. A terminal-equipped housing arrangement comprising
a housing which is made of a metal material and in which an electrical device is housed; and
a terminal which is directly joined to the housing, and which comprises:
a metal outer ring;
a lead penetrating through the metal outer ring; and
an insulating material for providing sealing between the metal outer ring and the lead,
wherein the metal outer ring having a joint edge to be joined to the housing, and a coating layer provided at least in the joint edge, wherein the coating layer is turning into a liquid phase at a temperature lower than a melting temperature of the housing.
9. The terminal-equipped housing arrangement according to claim 8 , wherein the housing is made of a metal material by which a passivation film is readily formed or a metal material having a hard-to-solder surface compound.
10. The terminal-equipped housing arrangement according to claim 8 , wherein the housing is made of a metal material selected from the group consisting of aluminum, chromium, titanium, iron, nickel, copper, and an alloy thereof.
11. A terminal attaching method of attaching a terminal to a housing,
the terminal including:
a metal outer ring,
a lead penetrating through the metal outer ring, and
an insulating material for providing sealing between the metal outer ring and the lead,
the metal outer ring having a joint edge to be joined to the housing, a coating layer being provided at least in the joint edge, the coating layer turning into a liquid phase at a temperature lower than a melting temperature of the housing,
the terminal attaching method comprising:
preparing the terminal and a housing that is made of a metal material and has an insertion hole;
positioning and placing the terminal at the insertion hole of the housing; and
while heating at least a joint portion between the terminal and the housing to the temperature lower than the melting temperature of the housing, breaking a passivation film formed on a joint portion of the housing using a mechanical method, causing the coating layer, which is molten, to seal a gap between a contact surface of the metal outer ring and a contact surface of the joint portion of the housing, and fixedly adhering the metal outer ring and the housing to each other while preventing reoxidation of the joint portion of the housing.
12. The terminal attaching method according to claim 11 , further comprising pre-heating the housing between placing the terminal at the insertion hole and fixedly adhering the metal outer ring and the housing to each other.
13. The terminal attaching method according to claim 11 , wherein the mechanical method includes bringing the joint edge and the joint portion of the housing into contact with each other, applying vibrations thereto to scratch a surface of the joint portion of the housing, and pressing the joint edge and the housing against each other.
14. The terminal attaching method according to claim 11 , wherein the mechanical method includes bringing a protrusion or a recess provided in the joint edge into contact with the joint portion of the housing, and pressing the protrusion or the recess against the joint portion of the housing, to cause the protrusion or the recess to scratch a surface of the joint portion of the housing and intrude into the surface of the joint portion while sliding on the surface of the joint portion, so as to press the joint edge and the joint portion of the housing against each other.
15. The terminal attaching method according to claim 11 , wherein the housing is made of a metal material by which a passivation film is readily formed or a metal material having a hard-to-solder surface compound.
16. The terminal attaching method according to claim 11 , wherein the housing is made of a metal material selected from the group consisting of aluminum, chromium, titanium, iron, nickel, copper, and an alloy thereof.
17. The terminal attaching method according to claim 11 , wherein the mechanical method includes heating and melting the coating layer, and applying an ultrasonic wave to the joint edge, to break the passivation film on the joint portion of the housing so as to expose a newly formed surface.
18. The terminal attaching method according to claim 17 , wherein, in applying the ultrasonic wave to the joint edge, an ultrasonic horn is brought into contact with the joint edge.
19. The terminal attaching method according to claim 17 , wherein the ultrasonic wave has a frequency greater than 28 kHz and less than 1 MHZ.