All-solid-state lithium secondary battery containing LLZO solid electrolyte and method for preparing same
The present invention relates to an all-solid-state lithium secondary battery and a method of manufacturing the same. The all-solid-state lithium secondary battery includes a cathode, an anode, and a composite solid electrolyte layer between the cathode and the anode, wherein first and second LLZOs contained respectively in the cathode and the composite solid electrolyte layer are each independently aluminum-doped or undoped LLZO, and the battery of the invention can exhibit improved discharge capacity and cycle characteristics because both the cathode and the composite solid electrolyte layer contain a conductive polymer, a lithium salt and an inorganic ceramic solid electrolyte. The method of the invention enables the all-solid-state lithium secondary battery to be manufactured in a non-sintering manner, thus reducing manufacturing costs and controlling interfacial reactions between active materials, between solid electrolyte particles, and between an electrolyte and an electrode, thereby further reducing the internal resistance of the battery.
1. An all-solid-state lithium secondary battery, comprising:
a cathode containing a cathode active material, a first LLZO, a first conductive polymer, a first lithium salt and a conductive material;
an anode containing lithium metal; and
a composite solid electrolyte layer disposed between the cathode and the anode and configured to contain a second LLZO, a second conductive polymer and a second lithium salt,
wherein the first LLZO and the second LLZO are each independently aluminum-doped LLZO or aluminum-undoped LLZO,
the undoped LLZO is represented by Chemical Formula 1 below, and
the doped LLZO is represented by Chemical Formula 2 below;
Li x La y Zr 7 O 12 (6 ≤x ≤9, 2 ≤y ≤4,1 ≤z ≤3)
Li x La y Zr 7 Al w O 12 (5≤ x≤ 9, 2≤ y≤ 4, 1≤ z≤ 3, 0< w≤ 1) and
wherein the first conductive polymer and the second conductive polymer are each independently polyethylene oxide having an average molecular weight of 500 to 1,000,000.
2. The all-solid-state lithium secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein the first LLZO and the second LLZO are each independently aluminum-doped LLZO.
3. The all-solid-state lithium secondary battery of claim 2 , wherein the aluminum-doped LLZO has a garnet crystal structure.
4. The all-solid-state lithium secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein the cathode includes, based on 100 parts by weight of the cathode active material, 5 to 50 parts by weight of the first LLZO, 5 to 25 parts by weight of the first conductive polymer, and 5 to 25 parts by weight of the conductive material, and
wherein the composite solid electrolyte layer includes, based on 100 parts by weight of the second LLZO, 1 to 300 parts by weight of the conductive polymer.
5. The all-solid-state lithium secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein the first conductive polymer and the second conductive polymer each independently include a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyethylene oxide, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene oxide, polyphosphazene, polysiloxane, and copolymers thereof.
6. The all-solid-state lithium secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein the cathode active material is a Ni—Co—Mn ternary lithium metal oxide (NMC) represented by Chemical Formula 3 below:
LiNi p Co q Mn r O 2 ,
where 0<p<0.9, 0<q<0.5, 0<r<0.5, and p+q+r=1.
7. The all-solid-state lithium secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein the conductive material is selected from the group consisting of carbon black, acetylene black, and KETJENBLACK, and combinations thereof.
8. The all-solid-state lithium secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein the first lithium salt and the second lithium salt are each independently selected from the group consisting of lithium perchlorate (LiClO 4 ), lithium triflate (LiCF 3 SO 3 ), lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF 4 ), and lithium trifluoromethanesulfonyl imide (LiN(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 ) and combinations thereof.
9. The all-solid-state lithium secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein the all-solid-state lithium secondary battery comprises:
a cathode containing aluminum-doped LLZO, polyethylene oxide, a Ni—Co—Mn ternary lithium metal oxide (NMC), lithium perchlorate (LiClO 4 ) and carbon black;
an anode containing a lithium metal; and
a composite solid electrolyte layer disposed between the cathode and the anode and configured to contain aluminum-doped LLZO, polyethylene oxide and lithium perchlorate (LiClO 4 ).
10. A method of manufacturing an all-solid-state lithium secondary battery, comprising:
(a′) manufacturing a cathode containing a cathode active material, a first LLZO, a first conductive polymer, a first lithium salt and a conductive material;
(b′) manufacturing a composite solid electrolyte layer containing a second LLZO, a second conductive polymer and a second lithium salt;
(c′) manufacturing a stack by disposing the cathode, the composite solid electrolyte layer on the cathode, and an anode containing lithium metal on the composite solid electrolyte layer; and
(d′) manufacturing an all-solid-state lithium secondary battery by pressurizing the stack at a pressure of 0.1 to 1.0 MPa in a temperature range (T) of Expression 1 below:
T m ≤T≤T≤ m +50° C.,
where T m =T m1 when T m1 >T m2 , T m =T m2 when T m1 <T m2 , and T m =T m1 when T m1 =T m2 , and
where T m1 is a melting temperature of the first conductive polymer and T m2 is a melting temperature of the second conductive polymer.
11. A method of manufacturing an all-solid-state lithium secondary battery, comprising:
(a) manufacturing a cathode containing a cathode active material, a first LLZO, a first conductive polymer, a first lithium salt and a conductive material;
(b) manufacturing a composite solid electrolyte layer containing a second LLZO, a second conductive polymer and a second lithium salt;
(c) manufacturing a stack by stacking the cathode and the composite solid electrolyte layer; and
(d) disposing an anode containing lithium metal on the composite solid electrolyte layer of the stack,
wherein step (c) is performed in a manner in which the cathode and the composite solid electrolyte layer are stacked and pressurized at a pressure of 0.1 to 1.0 MPa in a temperature range (T) of Expression 1 below, thus manufacturing the stack:
T m ≤T≤T m +50° C. [Expression 1]
where T m =T m1 when T m1 >T m2 T m =T m2 when T m1 <T m2 and T m =T m1 when T m1 =T m2 , and
where T m1 is a melting temperature of the first conductive polymer and T m2 is a melting temperature of the second conductive polymer.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the first conductive polymer and the second conductive polymer are polyethylene oxide, and step (c) is performed in a manner in which the cathode and the composite solid electrolyte layer are stacked and pressurized at a pressure of 0.1 to 1.0 MPa at a temperature of 65° C. (a melting temperature of polyethylene oxide) to 115° C., thus manufacturing the stack.
13. The method of claim 11 , further comprising pressurizing a product of step (d) at a pressure of 0.1 to 1.0 MPa in a temperature range (T) of Expression 1 below:
T m ≤T≤T m +50° C.,
where T m =T m1 when T m1 >T m2 , T m =T m2 when T m1 <T m2 , and T m =T m1 when T m1 =T m2 , and
where T m1 is a melting temperature of the first conductive polymer and T m2 is a melting temperature of the second conductive polymer.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein step (a) is performed in a manner in which the cathode active material, the LLZO, the first conductive polymer, the first lithium salt and the conductive material are mixed to give a slurry, and the slurry is cast and then dried, thus manufacturing the cathode.