Electrofusion fitting methods
The invention provides improvements to electrofusion fitting methods that allow for continuity and repeatability of welds between an electrofusion fitting and a pipe lining (or stand-alone pipe). An electrofusion fitting for joining sections of lined pipe has heating elements configured to create at least one weld between the electrofusion fitting and a pipe lining. However, prior to the weld step taking place the electrofusion fitting is heated and expands accordingly to ensure contact with the pipe lining. Preheating the electrofusion fitting also provides a predetermined starting temperature for the fitting and the lining which results in improved fusion cycle reliability. Furthermore, the need for clamps or support frames to support the electrofusion fitting in situ is removed, with corresponding reductions in cycle times, complexity, and hence cost.
1. An electrofusion fitting for joining sections of lined pipe, the electrofusion fitting comprising a temperature sensor and one or more heating elements disposed on a surface of the electrofusion fitting and configured to heat the electrofusion fitting to create, in use, at least one weld between the electrofusion fitting and a plastic pipe lining, wherein the electrofusion fitting is configured for insertion into a corresponding recess formed in an inner surface of the plastic pipe lining, wherein the one or more heating elements are also configured to first heat the electrofusion fitting to a first predetermined temperature lower than that at which the weld is created while the host pipes are held in place, to cause portions of the electrofusion fitting to expand to fill the recess, wherein the electrofusion fitting, once expanded, retains and supports itself during welding to the pipe lining.
2. The electrofusion fitting according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more heating elements are configured to produce one or more circumferential or annular welds between the electrofusion fitting and the pipe lining.
3. The electrofusion fitting according to claim 1 , wherein the electrofusion fitting further comprises one or more electrical contacts disposed on an inner surface of the electrofusion fitting and connected to the one or more heating elements through the electrofusion fitting.
4. The electrofusion fitting according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more heating elements comprise at least one heating coil disposed towards an end of the electrofusion fitting.
5. The electrofusion fitting according to claim 1 , wherein the electrofusion fitting comprises at least one heating coil disposed at either end of the electrofusion fitting.
6. The electrofusion fitting according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more heating elements comprise at least a first heating element configured to heat the electrofusion fitting to the first predetermined temperature, and a second heating element configured to heat the electrofusion fitting to the first predetermined temperature.
7. The electrofusion fitting according to claim 1 , wherein the electrofusion fitting comprises a temperature sensor.
8. The electrofusion fitting according to claim 1 , wherein the electrofusion fitting comprises a thermoplastic material.
9. The electrofusion fitting according to claim 1 , wherein the electrofusion fitting comprises a cylindrical sleeve of thermoplastic material.
10. The electrofusion fitting according to claim 1 , wherein the electrofusion fitting is formed by an injection moulding process.
11. The electrofusion fitting according to claim 1 , further comprising a channel extending at least partially through the electrofusion fitting to provide fluid access to a test region between the electrofusion fitting and the pipe lining.