Electronic device having a touch sensor, force sensor, and haptic actuator in an integrated module

1. An electronic device, comprising:

a cover defining an input surface;

an input/output module positioned below the cover and comprising:

a substrate defining a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface;

a row of input electrodes on the substrate and extending along a first direction, the row of input electrodes comprising:

a first input electrode coupled to the first surface of the substrate; and

a second input electrode coupled to the first surface of the substrate adjacent the first input electrode;

a column of input electrodes on the substrate and extending along a second direction different from the first direction, the column of input electrodes comprising:

the first input electrode; and

a third input electrode coupled to the first surface of the substrate adjacent the first input electrode; and

a piezoelectric element coupled to the second surface of the substrate and configured to cause a deflection of the cover in response to an actuation signal; and

a processing circuit operably coupled to the first, second and third input electrodes, and configured to:

drive the first input electrode with a first electrical signal during a first period of time;

drive the first input electrode with a second electrical signal during a second, non-overlapping period of time;

detect a touch on the input surface based on a capacitive response to the first electrical signal during the first period of time;

detect an amount of force of the touch based on a resistive response to the second electrical signal during the second, non-overlapping period of time, the resistive response resulting from a deformation of the first input electrode; and

cause the actuation signal in response to at least one of the detected touch or the detected amount of force.

2. The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein:

in response to the actuation signal, the piezoelectric element contracts along a first direction; and

the contraction along the first direction causes the deflection in the cover along a second direction that is transverse to the first direction.

3. The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the first, second and third input electrodes are formed from a piezoresistive material deposited on the substrate in a spiral pattern.

4. The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein:

the touch forms a touch capacitance between a touching object and the first and second input electrodes; and

the touch capacitance causes a change in capacitance between the first and second input electrodes.

5. The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein:

the cover comprises an opaque layer;

the first, second and third input electrodes each comprise a metal; and

the piezoelectric element comprises an opaque material.

6. The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein:

the cover is optically transparent;

the input/output module is optically transparent; and

the electronic device further comprises a display positioned below the input/output module that is viewable through the input/output module and the cover.

7. A method of determining a location and an amount of force corresponding to a touch on an input surface of an electronic device, comprising:

driving a first input electrode with a drive signal, the first input electrode positioned within a first row of multiple rows of input electrodes, each row of the multiple rows extending along a first direction on a surface of a substrate;

monitoring a second input electrode for a capacitive response to the drive signal resulting from the touch, the second input electrode positioned within the first row of the multiple rows of input electrodes and on the surface of the substrate;

determining the location corresponding to the touch based on the capacitive response;

monitoring the first input electrode for a first resistive response to the drive signal resulting from the touch, the first resistive response caused by a deformation of the first input electrode;

monitoring the second input electrode for a second resistive response to the drive signal resulting from the touch, the second resistive response caused by deformation of the second input electrode; and

determining a first amount of force corresponding to the touch based on the first resistive response and a second amount of force corresponding to the touch based on the second resistive response.

8. The method of claim 7 , further comprising actuating a piezoelectric element coupled to the substrate in response to the amount of force exceeding a threshold.

9. The method of claim 7 , wherein:

the monitoring the second input electrode for the capacitive response occurs during a first period of time;

the monitoring the first input electrode for the first resistive response occurs during a second period of time; and

the first period of time and the second period of time at least partially overlap.

10. The method of claim 7 , wherein the monitoring the second input electrode for the capacitive response occurs during a first period of time and the monitoring the first input electrode for the first resistive response occurs during a second, non-overlapping period of time.

11. The method of claim 7 , wherein:

the drive signal comprises a first waveform during a first time period and a second waveform, different from the first waveform, during a second time period;

the monitoring the second input electrode for the capacitive response occurs during the first time period; and

the monitoring the first input electrode for the first resistive response occurs during the second time period.

12. The method of claim 7 , further comprising actuating a piezoelectric element in response to the amount of force exceeding a threshold, the actuating the piezoelectric element comprising:

causing the piezoelectric element to change length along a first direction; and

the change in length along the first direction causing a deflection of the input surface along a second direction that is transverse to the first direction.

13. An input device, comprising:

a cover defining an input surface external to the input device;

a substrate coupled to the cover and comprising a top surface facing the cover and a bottom surface opposite the top surface;

a row of input electrodes on the top surface of the substrate and extending along a first direction, the row of input electrodes comprising a first input electrode and a second input electrode;

a column of input electrodes on the top surface of the substrate and extending along a second direction different from the first direction, the column of input electrodes comprising the first input electrode and a third input electrode;

a piezoelectric element coupled to the bottom surface and configured to cause a deflection of the cover in response to an actuation signal; and

a processing circuit operably coupled to the first, second and third input electrodes and configured to detect a location of a touch on the input surface and an amount of force corresponding to:

drive the first input electrode with a first electrical signal during a first period of time;

drive the first input electrode with a second electrical signal during a second, non-overlapping period of time;

detect a touch on the input surface based on a capacitive response to the first electrical signal during the first period of time; and

detect an amount of force of the touch based on a resistive response to the second electrical signal during the second, non-overlapping period of time, the resistive response resulting from a deformation of the first input electrode.

14. The input device of claim 13 , wherein:

the first input electrode comprises a first set of parallel conductive traces;

the second input electrode comprises a second set of parallel conductive traces; and

the first and second input electrodes are each deposited on the substrate.

15. The input device of claim 13 , further comprising a conductive layer deposited on the bottom surface wherein the piezoelectric element is coupled to a bottom of the conductive layer.

16. The input device of claim 15 , wherein:

the conductive layer comprises an array of conductive pads; and

a bottom of the piezoelectric element is coupled to a flexible circuit layer.

17. The input device of claim 15 , wherein:

the conductive layer comprises an array of conductive pads; and

the piezoelectric element is electrically coupled to two conductive pads of the array of conductive pads.

18. The input device of claim 17 , wherein the piezoelectric element is coupled to the array of conductive pads by an anisotropic conductive film.