Haptic structure for providing haptic outputs at an electronic device
Embodiments are directed to an electronic device that includes a cover and a haptic module positioned below the cover. The haptic module includes a substrate positioned below the cover and offset from the cover, a spacer positioned between the substrate and the cover and coupling the substrate to the cover, and a piezoelectric element positioned on a surface of the substrate and offset from the cover to define a gap between the piezoelectric element and the cover. The electronic device can also include a sensor coupled to the cover and configured to detect an input, and a processing unit operably coupled to the piezoelectric element and configured to cause the piezoelectric element to deflect the cover in response to the sensor detecting the input.
1 . An electronic device comprising:
a cover;
a haptic module positioned below the cover and comprising:
a substrate positioned below the cover;
a spacer positioned between the substrate and the cover and coupling the substrate to the cover, the spacer and the substrate suspended from the cover by one or more adhesive layers, wherein the haptic module is unsupported along a bottom of the substrate;
a piezoelectric element positioned on the substrate and offset from the cover to define a gap between the piezoelectric element and the cover; and
a flexible circuit comprising a first portion positioned between the piezoelectric element and the substrate, a second portion positioned between the spacer and the substrate, and a third portion positioned outside an outer edge of the spacer, the first portion of the flexible circuit electrically coupled to the piezoelectric element and the third portion of the flexible circuit comprising an electrical interface;
a sensor coupled to the cover and configured to detect an input; and
circuitry electrically coupled to the electrical interface of the flexible circuit and configured to provide an electronic input that is received by the piezoelectric element, in response to the electronic input, the piezoelectric element changes length causing the substrate to bend in a buckling mode and produce a localized deformation of the cover.
2 . The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein:
the sensor comprises a first electrode separated from a second electrode by a distance;
the input causes a change in the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode; and
the sensor is configured to estimate a force of the input in response to the change in the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode.
3 . The electronic device of claim 2 , wherein the sensor is configured to detect a location of the input in response to the estimated force of the input exceeding a threshold.
4 . The electronic device of claim 2 , further comprising an enclosure component, wherein:
the cover is coupled to the enclosure component; and
a portion of the enclosure component forms the second electrode.
5 . The electronic device of claim 2 , wherein:
the first and the second electrodes are part of a first force sensor that outputs a first force signal;
the electronic device further comprises a second force sensor that outputs a second force signal; and
the circuitry is configured to determine a location of the input based on the first and the second force signals.
6 . The electronic device of claim 5 , wherein:
the first force sensor is positioned along a first side of the haptic module; and
the second force sensor is positioned along a second side of the haptic module.
7 . The electronic device of claim 1 , further comprising an enclosure component, wherein:
the enclosure component comprises a platform extending under the cover;
the platform defines an opening; and
the haptic module is positioned at least partially within the opening.
8 . The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein:
the cover defines a virtual keyboard comprising one or more key regions; and
the electronic device comprises multiple haptic modules positioned below the virtual keyboard and configured to provide haptic outputs along the one or more key regions.
9 . An electronic device comprising:
an enclosure component;
a cover coupled to the enclosure component;
first and second haptic modules positioned below the cover and each of the first and second haptic modules comprising:
an actuation strip comprising:
a substrate; and
a piezoelectric element attached to the substrate; and
a spacer positioned between the actuation strip and the cover and defining a gap between the actuation strip and the cover, the spacer, the piezoelectric element and the substrate suspended from the cover by one or more adhesive layers, wherein the actuation strip is unsupported along a bottom of the substrate; and
a flexible circuit comprising a first portion positioned between the piezoelectric element and the substrate, a second portion positioned between the spacer and the substrate, and a third portion positioned outside an outer edge of the spacer, the first portion of the flexible circuit electrically coupled to the piezoelectric element and the third portion of the flexible circuit comprising an electrical interface;
a touch sensor positioned along the cover and configured to determine a location of a touch input received at the cover; and
circuitry electrically coupled to the electrical interface of the flexible circuit and configured to provide an electronic input that is received by the piezoelectric element, in response to the electronic input, the piezoelectric element changes length causing the substrate of at least one of the first haptic module or the second haptic module to bend in a buckling mode and produce a localized deformation of the cover.
10 . The electronic device of claim 9 , wherein:
the touch sensor comprises:
an array of first electrodes positioned below the cover; and
an array of second electrodes offset from the array of first electrodes;
at least one electrode of the array of first electrodes is configured to deflect in response to the touch input; and
the circuitry is configured to determine the location of the touch input based on the deflection of the at least one electrode.
11 . The electronic device of claim 10 , wherein the circuitry is configured to estimate a force of the touch input based on the deflection of the at least one electrode.
12 . The electronic device of claim 9 , wherein the circuitry is configured to:
actuate the first haptic module with a first signal based on the determined location of the touch input;
actuate the second haptic module with a second signal, different from the first signal, based on the determined location of the touch input; and
the actuation of the first and second haptic modules provides a haptic output at the determined location along the cover.
13 . The electronic device of claim 9 , wherein:
the first haptic module includes a strip of piezoelectric material having a length extending in a first direction;
actuating the first haptic module causes a change in the length of the piezoelectric element; and
in response to the change in the length of the piezoelectric element, the cover deflects in a second direction that is transverse to the first direction.
14 . The electronic device of claim 9 , wherein:
the cover comprises a glass sheet and a display layer positioned below the glass sheet; and
the first and second haptic modules are positioned below the display layer.
15 . The electronic device of claim 9 , further comprising a flexible seal positioned between the cover and the enclosure component, wherein:
the cover is coupled to the enclosure component by the flexible seal; and
the flexible seal comprises a force sensor that is configured to estimate a force of the touch input.
16 . An electronic device comprising:
an upper portion comprising a display;
a lower portion coupled to the upper portion and defining:
a keyboard; and
a track pad;
a haptic module positioned below the track pad and comprising:
a spacer attached to an internal surface of the track pad; and
an actuation strip coupled to the spacer thereby defining a gap between the actuation strip and the internal surface of the track pad, the spacer and the actuation strip suspended from the internal surface of the track pad by one or more adhesive layers, wherein the haptic module is unsupported along a bottom of the haptic module, the actuation strip comprising:
a substrate; and
a piezoelectric element coupled to the substrate;
a flexible circuit comprising a first portion positioned between the piezoelectric element and the substrate, a second portion positioned between the spacer and the substrate, and a third portion positioned outside an outer edge of the spacer, the first portion of the flexible circuit electrically coupled to the piezoelectric element and the third portion of the flexible circuit comprising an electrical interface; and
circuitry electrically coupled to the electrical interface of the flexible circuit and configured to provide an input that is received by the piezoelectric element, in response to the input, the piezoelectric element changes length causing the substrate to bend in a buckling mode and produce a localized deformation of the track pad.
17 . The electronic device of claim 16 , further comprising:
a first set of electrodes;
a second set of electrodes separated from the first set of electrodes by a distance; and
an array of flexible structures positioned between the first set of electrodes and the second set of electrodes.
18 . The electronic device of claim 17 , wherein:
the array of flexible structures is configured to deform in response to a touch input received at the track pad and cause a change in the distance between a first electrode of the first set of electrodes and a second electrode of the second set of electrodes; and
the circuitry is configured to determine a location of the touch input based on the change in the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode.
19 . The electronic device of claim 18 , wherein the circuitry is configured to:
estimate a force of the touch input based on the change in the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode; and
control an amount of deflection of the haptic module based on the determined location of the touch input, the estimated force of the touch input, or a combination thereof.
20 . The electronic device of claim 16 , wherein:
the haptic module is a first haptic module;
the electronic device further comprises a second haptic module; and
the circuitry is configured to:
actuate the first haptic module to cause a first amount of deflection based on a location of a touch input; and
actuate the second haptic module to cause a second amount of deflection, different from the first amount of deflection, based on the location of the touch input.