Methods of disease activity profiling for personalized therapy management
The present invention provides methods for personalized therapeutic management of a disease in order to optimize therapy and/or monitor therapeutic efficacy. In particular, the present invention comprises measuring an array of one or a plurality of biomarkers at a plurality of time points over the course of therapy with a therapeutic agent to determine a mucosal healing index for selecting therapy, optimizing therapy, reducing toxicity, and/or monitoring the efficacy of therapeutic treatment. In certain instances, the therapeutic agent is a TNFα inhibitor for the treatment of a TNFα-mediated disease or disorder.
1. A method of treating Crohn's disease (CD) in a subject, the method comprising: administering a therapeutically effective amount of a therapeutic agent to the subject to treat the CD, based, at least partially, on a Mucosal Healing Index (MHI) score of the subject calculated by applying a statistical algorithm to levels of mucosal healing markers measured in a sample obtained from the subject to generate a MHI, and comparing the MHI to an endoscopic score.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the therapeutic agent comprises a TNFα inhibitor therapy, an immunosuppressive agent, a corticosteroid, a drug that targets a different mechanism, nutrition therapy, or combinations thereof.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the TNFα inhibitor therapy comprises an anti-TNFα antibody.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the anti-TNFα antibody comprises REMICADE™ (infliximab), ENBREL™ (etanercept), HUMIRA™ (adalimumab), CIMZIA® (certolizumab pegol), or any combination thereof.
5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the immunosuppressive agent comprises azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, methotrexate, or any combination thereof.
6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the drug that targets a different mechanism comprises an IL-6 receptor inhibiting antibody, an anti-integrin molecule, a JAK-2 inhibitor, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, or any combination thereof.
7. The method of claim 2 , wherein the nutrition therapy comprises a special carbohydrate diet.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mucosal healing markers are measured in a sample selected from the group consisting of serum, plasma, whole blood, stool, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells, and a tissue biopsy.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mucosal healing markers comprise AREG, EREG, HB-EGF, HGF, NRG1, NRG2, NRG3, NRG4, BTC, EGF, IGF, TGF-α, VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, FGF1, FGF2, FGF7, FGF9, TWEAK or combinations thereof.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mucosal healing markers comprise an anti-TNFα antibody, an anti-drug antibody (ADA), an inflammatory marker, an anti-inflammatory marker, or combinations thereof.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the anti-TNFα antibody comprises REMICADE′ (infliximab), ENBREL′ (etanercept), HUMIRA™ (adalimumab), CIMZIA® (certolizumab pegol), or any combination thereof.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the anti-drug antibody (ADA) comprises a human anti-chimeric antibody (HACA), a human anti-humanized antibody (HAHA), a human anti-mouse antibody (HAMA), or any combination thereof.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein the inflammatory marker comprises GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, sTNF RH, or any combination thereof.
14. The method of claim 10 , wherein the anti-inflammatory marker comprises IL-12p70, IL-10, or any combination thereof.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
(i) the mucosal healing markers comprise GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, soluble tumor necrosis factor-α receptor II (sTNF RII), TNF-related weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), osteoprotegerin (OPG), IFN-α, IFN-β, IL-1α, IL-1 receptor antagonist (M-1ra), IL-4, IL-5, soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R), IL-7, IL-9, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, IL-23, IL-27, or any combination thereof;
(ii) the mucosal healing markers comprise MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-12, MMP-13, MT1-MMP-1, or any combination thereof; or
(iii) the mucosal healing markers comprise C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer protein, mannose-binding protein, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, fibrinogen, prothrombin, factor VIII, von Willebrand factor, plasminogen, complement factors, ferritin, serum amyloid P component, serum amyloid A (SAA), orosomucoid (alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP)), ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, or any combination thereof;
(iv) the mucosal healing markers comprise TGF-α, TGF-β, TGF-β2, TGF-β3, or any combination thereof; or
(v) the mucosal healing markers comprise AREG, EREG, HB-EGF, HGF, HRG, NRG1, NRG2, NRG3, NRG4, BTC, EGF, IGF-1, TGF, VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, FGF1, FGF2, FGF7, FGF9, TWEAK, or any combination thereof; or
(vi) the mucosal healing markers comprise IL-10, SCF, ICAM, VCAM, IL-12p40, VEGFA, or any combination thereof.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mucosal healing markers comprise C-reactive protein (CRP), IL 7, MMP 1, MMP 2, MMP 3, MMP 9, serum amyloid A (SAA), TGFα, VCAM, or any combination thereof.
17. A method of optimizing a treatment course to promote mucosal healing in a subject, the method comprising: administering a therapy to the subject that is in an amount effective to promote mucosal healing in the subject as determined by a Mucosal Healing Index (MHI) score of the subject that is calculated by:
(a) measuring levels of mucosal healing markers in a sample from the subject at a plurality of time points of the treatment course;
(b) applying a statistical algorithm to the levels of the mucosal healing markers measured in step (a) to generate the MHI; and
(c) comparing the MHI to an endoscopic score.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein:
(i) the mucosal healing markers comprise GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, soluble tumor necrosis factor-a receptor II (sTNF RII), TNF-related weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), osteoprotegerin (OPG), IFN-α, IFN-β, IL-1α, IL-1 receptor antagonist (M-1ra), IL-4, IL-5, soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R), IL-7, IL-9, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, IL-23, IL-27, or any combination thereof;
(i) the mucosal healing markers comprise MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-12, MMP-13, MT1-MMP-1, or any combination thereof; or
(ii) the mucosal healing markers comprise C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer protein, mannose-binding protein, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, fibrinogen, prothrombin, factor VIII, von Willebrand factor, plasminogen, complement factors, ferritin, serum amyloid P component, serum amyloid A (SAA), orosomucoid (alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP)), ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, or any combination thereof;
(iii) the mucosal healing markers comprise TGF-α, TGF-β, TGF-β2, TGF-β3, or any combination thereof; or
(iv) the mucosal healing markers comprise AREG, EREG, HB-EGF, HGF, HRG, NRG1, NRG2, NRG3, NRG4, BTC, EGF, IGF-1, TGF, VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, FGF1, FGF2, FGF7, FGF9, TWEAK, or any combination thereof; or
(v) the mucosal healing markers comprise IL-10, SCF, ICAM, VCAM, IL-12p40, VEGFA, or any combination thereof.
19. The method of claim 17 , wherein the mucosal healing markers comprise C-reactive protein (CRP), IL 7, MMP 1, MMP 2, MMP 3, MMP 9, serum amyloid A (SAA), TGFα, VCAM, or any combination thereof.
20. The method of claim 17 , wherein the therapy comprises TNFα inhibitor therapy, an immunosuppressive agent, a corticosteroid, a drug that targets a different mechanism, nutrition therapy, and combinations thereof.