Compositions comprising unsaturated fatty acids and nitric oxide releasing compounds and use thereof for enhancing cognitive and related functions
Compositions include arginine and one or more unsaturated fatty acids. Methods for using such compositions can enhance cognitive function, reduce or prevent a decline of social interaction, reduce or prevent age-related behavioral changes, increase trainability, maintain optimal brain function, facilitate learning and memory, reduce memory loss, retard brain aging, prevent or treat strokes, and/or prevent or treat dementia in an animal. Preferably, the compositions are food compositions useful for enhancing cognitive function in humans and companion animals.
1. A method for enhancing cognitive function in an aging companion animal, the method comprising:
identifying an aging companion animal in which enhancement of cognitive function is desired; and
administering a composition comprising effective amounts of arginine and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to the aging companion animal on a daily basis, wherein the composition is administered in a daily dose comprising about 0.001 g to about 50 g of the DHA/kg body weight of the aging companion animal and about 0.001 g to about 50 g of the arginine/kg body weight of the aging companion animal, the administration on a daily basis of the composition for a time period results in enhanced cognitive function in the aging companion animal compared with an equivalent aging companion animal not administered the composition for an equivalent time period, the DHA is about 1% to about 15% of the composition, and the arginine is about 0.1% to about 20% of the composition.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the composition further comprises one or more of a natural fish oil, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), or another n-3 fatty acid from any source.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the time period is at least one month.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the composition is a complete and nutritionally balanced pet food.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the daily dose of the composition comprises about 0.001 g of the DHA/kg body weight of the aging companion animal to about 1.0 g of the DHA/kg body weight of the aging companion animal per day.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the daily dose of the composition comprises about 0.001 g of the DHA/kg body weight of the aging companion animal to about 0.5 g of the DHA/kg body weight of the aging companion animal per day.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the daily dose of the composition comprises about 0.001 g of the arginine/kg body weight of the aging companion animal to about 1.0 g of the arginine/kg body weight of the aging companion animal per day.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the daily dose of the composition comprises about 0.001 g of the arginine/kg body weight of the aging companion animal to about 0.5 g of the arginine/kg body weight of the aging companion animal per day.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the aging companion animal is a healthy aging companion animal, and the administration of the DHA and the arginine results in enhanced cognitive function in the healthy aging companion animal relative to an equivalent healthy aging companion animal not administered the DHA and the arginine.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the aging companion animal has a phenotype associated with age related cognitive impairment, and the administration of the DHA and the arginine results in enhanced cognitive function in the aging companion animal relative to an equivalent aging companion animal having the phenotype associated with age-related cognitive impairment and not administered the DHA and the arginine.
11. The method of claim 10 wherein the phenotype includes one or more of decreased ability to recall, short-term memory loss, decreased learning rate, decreased capacity for learning, decreased problem solving skills, decreased attention span, decreased motor performance, increased confusion, or dementia, as compared to a control aging companion animal not having the phenotype.
12. The method of claim 10 wherein the phenotype comprises dementia.
13. The method of claim 1 wherein the composition comprises from 0.1 to 40 times the recommended daily requirement of B vitamins.
14. The method of claim 1 wherein the composition comprises about 0.0001% to about 25% of antioxidants.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aging companion animal is a dog that has Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome (CCDS).
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition consists essentially of (i) unsaturated fatty acids comprising the DHA, (ii) one or more nitric oxide releasing compounds comprising the arginine, (iii) optionally B vitamins and (iii) optionally one or more antioxidants.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition is a pet food or pet treat and comprises from about 15 wt. % to about 50 wt. % crude protein, about 5 wt. % to about 40 wt. % fat, about 15 wt. % to about 60 wt. % carbohydrate, an ash content no greater than about 15 wt. %, and a moisture content from about 5 wt. % to about 20 wt. %.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aging companion animal is a canine, and the composition has a protein content of about 20 wt. % to 30 wt. %.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aging companion animal is a feline, and the composition has a protein content of about 35 wt. % to about 45 wt. %.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aging companion animal is geriatric.