Lossless snubber circuits
The combined voltage regulator and snubber circuit generally has a voltage regulator device in parallel with the energy storage element of the snubber circuit operatively connectable in series with a leakage inductance current path; the leakage inductance being part of a magnetic component utilized in a switch-mode power supply having an input voltage source, controllable semiconductor switches, freewheeling semiconductor switches, feedback controller, reactive energy storage components and a load; the voltage regulator generally providing constant or variable voltage to the gate driver of the controllable semiconductor and/or feedback controller; the snubber circuit generally recycling leakage inductance energy to the input capacitor of a neighboring cell in a multi-cell stacked converter.
1. A method comprising:
receiving a first voltage at a first voltage regulator from a first energy storage device of a first snubber circuit, the first voltage regulator being of a first converter cell of a plurality of converter cells of a switched-mode power supply and the first snubber circuit being of a second converter cell of the plurality of converter cells;
generating a first gate driver voltage at the first voltage regulator;
receiving the first gate driver voltage at a first gate driver of the first converter cell; and
controlling, by the first gate driver, a first switch of the first converter cell, the first switch controlling a first current through a first transformer winding of the first converter cell, the first switch being connected in a first series combination with the first transformer winding, the first series combination being connected in parallel across a first input capacitor of the switched-mode power supply;
wherein:
the first snubber circuit comprises the first energy storage device connected in series with a first reverse-biased diode, the first snubber circuit being connected in parallel with a second transformer winding of the second converter cell;
the first voltage regulator is connected in parallel across the first energy storage device;
the plurality of converter cells are connected in a series combination of converter cells; and
the series combination of converter cells is connected in parallel across a voltage input.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein:
the first energy storage device comprises a capacitor.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein:
the first voltage regulator is selected from: a switch-mode power supply, a linear dropout regulator, a switched-capacitor converter, a shunt voltage regulator, and a series voltage regulator.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein:
the first voltage regulator comprises:
a voltage blocking device, connecting an input of the first voltage regulator and a regulated output of the first voltage regulator;
a feedback control circuit, connecting the input of the first voltage regulator and a control port of the voltage blocking device; and
a voltage reference circuit, connecting the voltage blocking device to a bias voltage.
5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein:
the voltage blocking device comprises an NPN BJT semiconductor transistor;
the feedback control circuit is selected from at least one of a resistor, and a semiconductor transistor; and
the voltage reference circuit comprises a current independent voltage reference and a current dependent voltage reference.
6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein:
the current independent voltage reference is selected from at least one of a Zener diode and a forward biased diode; and
the current dependent voltage reference is selected from at least one of a resistor and a thermistor.
7. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:
receiving, at a second voltage regulator of the second converter cell of the plurality of converter cells, a second voltage from a second energy storage device of a second snubber circuit of a third converter cell of the plurality of converter cells, the second voltage regulator being connected in parallel across the second energy storage device;
generating a second gate driver voltage at the second voltage regulator;
receiving the second gate driver voltage at a second gate driver of the second converter cell; and
controlling, by the second gate driver, a second switch of the second converter cell, the second switch controlling a second current through the second transformer winding of the second converter cell, the second switch being connected in a second series combination with the second transformer winding, the second series combination being connected in parallel across a second input capacitor of the switched-mode power supply;
wherein:
the second snubber circuit comprises the second energy storage device connected in series with a second reverse-biased diode, the second snubber circuit being connected in parallel with a third transformer winding of the third converter cell.
8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein:
the first transformer winding is of a first transformer having a first secondary transformer winding on an output side of the first transformer;
the second transformer winding is of a second transformer having a second secondary transformer winding on an output side of the second transformer;
the first secondary transformer winding is coupled to an output capacitor of the switched-mode power supply by a first diode; and
the second secondary transformer winding is coupled to the output capacitor by a second diode.
9. The method according to claim 8 , further comprising:
controlling, by a feedback controller of the switched-mode power supply, a first load output of the first secondary transformer winding and a second load output of the second secondary transformer winding in comparison to a reference voltage.
10. The method according to claim 9 , further comprising:
controlling, by a multiple-output pulse-width modulator generator of the feedback controller, the first gate driver and the second gate driver, the feedback controller further comprising a subtraction block, and a compensator.
11. The method according to claim 7 , wherein:
the second voltage regulator is selected from: a switch-mode power supply, a linear dropout regulator, a switched-capacitor converter, a shunt voltage regulator, and a series voltage regulator.
12. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the second voltage regulator comprises:
a voltage blocking device, connecting an input of the second voltage regulator and a regulated output of the second voltage regulator;
a feedback control circuit, connecting the input of the second voltage regulator and a control port of the voltage blocking device; and
a voltage reference circuit, connecting the voltage blocking device to a bias voltage.
13. The method according to claim 12 , wherein:
the voltage blocking device comprises an NPN BJT semiconductor transistor;
the feedback control circuit is selected from at least one of a resistor, and a semiconductor transistor; and
the voltage reference circuit comprises a current independent voltage reference and a current dependent voltage reference.
14. The method according to claim 13 , wherein:
the current independent voltage reference is selected from at least one of a Zener diode and a forward biased diode; and
the current dependent voltage reference is selected from at least one of a resistor and a thermistor.
15. The method according to claim 7 , wherein:
a third snubber circuit of the first converter cell comprises a third energy storage device and a third reverse-biased diode connected in series therewith, a resistive element being connected in parallel with the third energy storage device.
16. The method according to claim 7 , wherein:
the first transformer winding and the second transformer winding are of a transformer having a single secondary transformer winding on an output side of the transformer; and
the single secondary transformer winding is coupled to an output capacitor of the switched-mode power supply by a diode.
17. The method according to claim 16 , further comprising:
controlling, by a feedback controller of the switched-mode power supply, a load output of the single secondary transformer winding in comparison to a reference voltage.
18. The method according to claim 17 , further comprising:
controlling, by a multiple-output pulse-width modulator generator of the feedback controller, the first gate driver and the second gate driver, the feedback controller further comprising a subtraction block, and a compensator.