Systems and methods for making encapsulated hourglass shaped stents
Systems and methods for the manufacture of an hourglass shaped stent-graft assembly comprising an hourglass shaped stent, graft layers, and an assembly mandrel having an hourglass shaped mandrel portion. Hourglass shaped stent may have superelastic and self-expanding properties. Hourglass shaped stent may be encapsulated using hourglass shaped mandrel assembly coupled to a dilation mandrel used for depositing graft layers upon hourglass shaped mandrel assembly. Hourglass shaped mandrel assembly may have removably coupled conical portions. The stent-graft assembly may be compressed and heated to form a monolithic layer of biocompatible material. Encapsulated hourglass shaped stents may be used to treat subjects suffering from heart failure by implanting the encapsulated stent securely in the atrial septum to allow blood flow from the left atrium to the right atrium when blood pressure in the left atrium exceeds that on the right atrium. The encapsulated stents may also be used to treat pulmonary hypertension.
1. A method for making an encapsulated stent-graft, the method comprising:
compressing a stent comprising a first flared region, a second flared region, and a neck region situated between the first flared region and the second flared region, into a compressed state;
positioning the second flared region and the neck region within a graft tube comprising a first end and a second end;
releasing the second flared region to an expanded state within the graft tube thereby depositing a first layer of graft material over the neck region and the second flared region;
releasing the first flared region to expand to the expanded state;
guiding the second end of the graft tube through an interior portion of the stent such that the second end of the graft tube extends beyond the first flared region, thereby depositing a second layer of graft material along the interior portion;
selecting a mandrel comprising a first portion comprising a first mandrel end that is removably coupled to a second portion comprising a second mandrel end;
guiding the first flared region onto the first portion of the mandrel while guiding the second end of the graft tube over the first portion of the mandrel such that the second end of the graft tube extends beyond the first flared region;
coupling the second mandrel end of the second portion of the mandrel to the first mandrel end of the first portion of the mandrel; and
guiding the second end of the graft tube over the first flared region and over the neck region, thereby depositing a third layer of graft material over the first flared region and the neck region, the stent and graft tube forming a stent-graft assembly comprising three layers of graft material at the neck region and two layers of graft material at the first flared region and the second flared region.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first flared region has a diameter that is larger than a diameter of the second flared region and the second flared region has a diameter that is larger than the neck region.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
selecting a flexible sleeve having a first sleeve end and a second sleeve end and a shape configured to receive the stent-graft assembly;
flexing the flexible sleeve such that the first sleeve end is separated from the second sleeve end; and
positioning the flexible sleeve over the stent-graft assembly while the stent-graft assembly is positioned on the mandrel.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein selecting the flexible sleeve comprises selecting a flexible sleeve comprised of silicone.
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein selecting the flexible sleeve comprises selecting a flexible sleeve having a wall thickness that is constant.
6. The method of claim 3 , wherein selecting the flexible sleeve comprises selecting a flexible sleeve having a varying thickness.
7. The method of claim 3 , wherein selecting a flexible sleeve comprises selecting a flexible sleeve sized and configured to reduce an inter nodal distance within the graft tube.
8. The method of claim 3 , further comprising:
selecting a compressor comprising a first half that is removably coupled to a second half, the first half and the second half each comprising an interior surface having an indentation sized and configured to receive the flexible sleeve covering the stent-graft assembly;
positioning the first half and the second half of the compressor around the flexible sleeve covering the stent-graft assembly; and
coupling the first half of the compressor to the second half of the compressor while the first half of the compressor and the second half of the compressor are positioned around the flexible sleeve covering the stent-graft assembly,
wherein the compressor, the flexible sleeve, the stent-graft assembly, and the mandrel form a sintering assembly.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein selecting a compressor comprises selecting a compressor comprised of stainless steel.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein selecting a compressor comprises selecting a compressor having a thickness that facilities heat-transfer to the stent-graft assembly.
11. The method of claim 8 , wherein selecting a compressor comprises selecting a compressor that applies a consistent compression force to the stent-graft assembly.
12. The method of claim 8 , wherein selecting a compressor comprises selecting a compressor that applies a compression force to stent-graft assembly that varies.
13. The method of claim 8 , wherein selecting a compressor comprises selecting a compressor sized and configured to reduce an inter nodal distance within the graft tube.
14. The method of claim 8 , wherein coupling the first half of the compressor to the second half of the compressor applies a compression force to the flexible sleeve, thereby compressing the stent-graft assembly against the mandrel.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the flexible sleeve facilitates even distribution of the compression force applied to the stent-graft assembly by the compressor.
16. The method of claim 8 , further comprising, heating the sintering assembly to cause the first layer, the second layer, and the third layer of graft material to become sintered together to form a monolithic layer of graft material, thereby forming the encapsulated stent-graft.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the stent comprises through-wall openings and heating the sintering assembly causes the first layer, second layer, and third layer of graft material to bond to one another through the through-wall openings.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the flexible sleeve is silicone and heating the sintering assembly causes the flexible sleeve to deposit silicone fragments into the stent-graft assembly.
19. The method of claim 8 , further comprising winding a layer of tape over the flexible sleeve to compress the stent-graft assembly against the mandrel.
20. A method for making an encapsulated stent-graft, the method comprising:
selecting a stent comprising a first flared region, a second flared region, and a neck region disposed between the first flared region and the second flared region;
selecting a graft tube comprising a first end and a second end;
positioning the second flared region and the neck region within the first end of the graft tube, thereby depositing a first layer of graft material over the neck region and the second flared region;
guiding the second end of the graft tube into the second flared region, through an interior portion of the stent, and out the first flared region, thereby depositing a second layer of graft material along the interior portion of the stent; and
guiding the second end of the graft tube over the first flared region and over the neck region of the stent, thereby depositing a third layer of graft material over the first flared region and the neck region, the stent and graft tube forming a stent-graft assembly.
21. The method of claim 20 , further comprising:
selecting a mandrel comprising a first portion comprising a first mandrel end and a second portion comprising a second mandrel end that is removably coupled to the first mandrel end;
guiding the first flared region onto the first portion of the mandrel while guiding the second end of the graft tube over the first portion of the mandrel such that the second end of the graft tube extends beyond the first flared region;
coupling the second mandrel end of the second portion of the mandrel to the first mandrel end of the first portion of the mandrel;
selecting a flexible sleeve having a first sleeve end and a second sleeve end and a shape configured to receive the stent-graft assembly;
flexing the flexible sleeve such that the first sleeve end is separated from the second sleeve end; and
positioning the flexible sleeve over the stent-graft assembly while the stent-graft assembly is positioned on the mandrel.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein selecting a flexible sleeve comprises selecting a flexible sleeve sized and configured to reduce an inter nodal distance within the graft tube.
23. The method of claim 21 , further comprising:
selecting a compressor comprising a first half that is removably coupled to a second half, the first half and the second half each comprising an interior surface having an indentation sized and configured to receive the flexible sleeve covering the stent-graft assembly;
positioning the first half and the second half of the compressor around the flexible sleeve covering the stent-graft assembly; and
coupling the first half of the compressor to the second half of the compressor while the first half of the compressor and the second half of the compressor are positioned around the flexible sleeve covering the stent-graft assembly,
wherein the compressor, the flexible sleeve, the stent-graft assembly, and the mandrel form a sintering assembly.
24. The method of claim 23 , wherein selecting a compressor comprises selecting a compressor having a thickness that facilities heat-transfer to the stent-graft assembly.
25. The method of claim 23 , wherein selecting a compressor comprises selecting a compressor sized and configured to reduce an inter nodal distance within the graft tube.
26. The method of claim 23 , wherein coupling the first half of the compressor to the second half of the compressor applies a compression force to the flexible sleeve, thereby compressing the stent-graft assembly against the mandrel.
27. The method of claim 26 , wherein the flexible sleeve facilitates even distribution of the compression force applied to the stent-graft assembly by the compressor.
28. The method of claim 23 , further comprising, heating the sintering assembly to cause the first layer, the second layer, and the third layer of graft material to become sintered together to form a monolithic layer of graft material, thereby forming the encapsulated stent-graft, wherein the stent comprises through-wall openings and heating the sintering assembly causes the first layer, second layer, and third layer of graft material to bond to one another through the through-wall openings.
29. The method of claim 28 , wherein the flexible sleeve is silicone and heating the sintering assembly causes the flexible sleeve to deposit silicone fragments into the stent-graft assembly.