Oral muscle training
A trans mucosal neuromuscular electrical stimulation device including a mouthpiece, electrodes associated with the mouthpiece. The device and/or mouthpiece incorporates electrical circuitry operatively connecting to the electrodes to a power source and is configured to provide, in use, electrical stimulation to one or more palate and/or tongue muscles via the electrodes through the oral mucosa. The treatment regime, including the location of stimulation and the parameters used, is designed to increase resting muscle tone and/or muscle tone during sleep.
1. A trans mucosal neuromuscular electrical stimulation device comprising a mouthpiece, the mouthpiece comprises a pair or arms joined together at one end and diverging from one another, at least one of the arms comprises a first member shaped to cooperate with or approximate or accommodate a dorsal tongue surface, and at least one of the said pair of arms comprises a second member, wherein the first member comprises a first electrode, and the second member comprises a second electrode, the mouthpiece further comprises electrical circuitry operatively connected to the first and second electrodes, wherein the device is configured to provide, in use, via the first electrode to the second electrode or via the second electrode to the first electrode, electrical stimulation from a first side to a second side of the mouthpiece, through the tongue to increase resting muscle tone and/or muscle tone during sleep.
2. A device according to claim 1 , wherein the second member is shaped to cooperate with or approximate or accommodate a dorsal tongue surface.
3. A device according to claim 1 , wherein the first member comprises a flange shaped to cooperate with or approximate or accommodate a dorsal tongue surface.
4. A device according to claim 1 , wherein the second member is shaped to cooperate with or approximate or accommodate a dorsal tongue surface.
5. A device according to claim 4 , wherein the second member comprises a flange shaped to cooperate with or approximate or accommodate a dorsal tongue surface.
6. A device according to claim 1 , wherein the second member is shaped to cooperate with or approximate or accommodate a sublingual tongue surface.
7. A device according to claim 6 , wherein the second member comprises a flange shaped to cooperate with or approximate or accommodate a sublingual tongue surface.
8. A device according to claim 1 , wherein the first member comprises a first pair of flanges, and the second member comprises a second pair of flanges.
9. A device according to claim 8 , wherein each of the first pair of flanges are shaped to accommodate a dorsal tongue surface.
10. A device according to claim 9 wherein each of said first pair of flanges extends from at or adjacent a free end of the respective arm of the mouthpiece.
11. A device according to claim 8 , wherein each of the second pair of flanges are shaped to accommodate a sublingual tongue surface.
12. A device according to claim 11 , wherein each of the second pair of flanges extends from an intermediate portion of the respective arm of the mouthpiece.
13. A trans mucosal neuromuscular electrical stimulation device, the device comprising a mouthpiece, at least a first electrode associated with the mouthpiece and at least a second electrode associated with the mouthpiece and electrical circuitry operatively connected to the first and second electrode, wherein the device is configured, in use, to provide or receive an electrical current via the first electrode to or from the dorsal surface of the tongue, and to provide or receive the electrical current via the second electrode to or from the sublingual surface the tongue, to increase resting muscle tone and/or muscle tone during sleep.
14. A device according to claim 13 , wherein the mouthpiece comprises a pair of arms joined together at one end and diverging from one another, the first electrode being associated with at least one flange extending inwardly from one of the arms for bearing against the dorsal surface of the tongue.
15. A device according to claim 13 , wherein the mouthpiece comprises a pair of arms joined together at one end and diverging from one another, the second electrode being associated with at least one flange extending inwardly from one of the arms for bearing against the sublingual surface of the tongue.
16. A device according to claim 13 , wherein the mouthpiece comprises a pair of arms joined together at one end and diverging from one another, the mouthpiece comprising a pair of flanges extending inwardly from the arms for bearing against the dorsal surface of the tongue, each flange comprising the first electrode or a first series of electrodes.
17. A device according to claim 13 , wherein the mouthpiece comprises a pair of arms joined together at one end and diverging from one another, the mouthpiece comprising a pair of flanges extending inwardly from the arms for bearing against the sublingual surface of the tongue, each flange comprising the second electrode or a second series of electrodes.
18. A method for training one or more oral muscles by trans mucosal neuromuscular electrical stimulation, the method comprising locating a mouthpiece within the mouth of a patient, and applying electrical stimulation to the dorsal surface of the tongue via the mouthpiece, the electrical stimulation being provided from a first side of the tongue to a second side of the tongue to increase resting muscle tone or muscle tone during sleep.
19. A method according to claim 18 , the method comprising providing electrical stimulation from the dorsal surface to the sublingual surface of the tongue and/or from the sublingual surface to the dorsal surface of the tongue.
20. A method according to claim 18 , wherein the electrical stimulation is provided substantially horizontally across the dorsal surface of the tongue, from a first side to a second side of the tongue to increase resting muscle tone or muscle tone during sleep.