Ground meat replicas
This document relates to ground meat replicas, and more particularly to plant-based products that mimic ground meat, including the fibrousness, heterogeneity in texture, beefy flavor, and red-to-brown color transition during cooking of ground meat.
1. A meat replica comprising:
about 5% to about 88% by weight of a meat dough, wherein the meat dough comprises an isolated plant protein;
about 15% to about 40% by weight of an edible fibrous component;
about 5% to about 35% by weight of a fat; and
about 0.1% to about 18% by weight of a carbohydrate-based gel,
wherein, after cooking the meat replica to an internal temperature of 160° F., the meat replica is firmer than the meat replica before cooking.
2. The meat replica of claim 1 , wherein the meat replica further comprises about 0.01% to about 4% by weight of a heme-containing protein.
3. The meat replica of claim 2 , wherein the heme-containing protein is selected from the group consisting of a non-symbiotic hemoglobin, a Hell's gate globin I, a flavohemoprotein, a leghemoglobin, a heme-dependent peroxidase, a cytochrome c peroxidase, and a mammalian myoglobin.
4. The meat replica of claim 1 , wherein the meat dough further comprises about 0.00001% to about 10% by weight of a flavoring agent.
5. The meat replica of claim 4 , wherein the flavoring agent comprises alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine, glucose, ribose, thiamine, IMP, GMP, lactic acid, creatine, L-taurine, or mixtures thereof.
6. The meat replica of claim 1 , wherein the carbohydrate-based gel comprises agar, pectin, carrageenan, konjac, methylcellulose, a modified starch, guar gum, locust bean gum, xanthan gum, or mixtures thereof.
7. The meat replica of claim 1 , wherein the edible fibrous component comprises a plant protein extrudate.
8. The meat replica of claim 1 , wherein the fat is selected from corn oil, soy oil, peanut oil, canola oil, sunflower oil, flax seed oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, and mixtures thereof.
9. The meat replica of claim 1 , wherein the meat replica is free of animal products.
10. The meat replica of claim 1 , wherein the isolated plant protein is from a plant selected from alfalfa, bamboo, barley, beets, black beans, broccoli, cabbage, canola, carrot, cauliflower, celery, celery root, chickpeas, corn, cotton, cow peas, fava beans, flax, garbanzo beans, green beans, kale, kidney beans, lupin, mung beans, navy beans, northern beans, nuts, oats, parsley, pearl millet, peas, pine nuts, pinto beans, potato, quinoa , red beans, rice, sesame, soy, spelt, sugarbeet, sunflowers, sweet potato, tobacco, wheat, white beans, whole grains, wild rice, zucchini, or a mixture thereof.
11. A meat replica comprising:
about 5% to about 80% by weight of a meat dough, wherein the meat dough comprises an isolated plant protein;
about 15% to about 40% by weight of an edible fibrous component;
about 5% to about 35% by weight of a fat;
about 0.1% to about 18% by weight of a carbohydrate-based gel,
wherein, after cooking the meat replica to an internal temperature of 160° F., the meat replica exhibits a perceived juiciness greater than a similar composition without the carbohydrate-based gel.
12. The meat replica of claim 11 , wherein the meat replica further comprises about 0.01% to about 4% by weight of a heme-containing protein.
13. The meat replica of claim 12 , wherein the heme-containing protein is selected from the group consisting of a non-symbiotic hemoglobin, a Hell's gate globin I, a flavohemoprotein, a leghemoglobin, a heme-dependent peroxidase, a cytochrome c peroxidase, and a mammalian myoglobin.
14. The meat replica of claim 11 , wherein the meat dough further comprises about 0.00001% to about 10% by weight of a flavoring agent.
15. The meat replica of claim 14 , wherein the flavoring agent comprises alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine, glucose, ribose, thiamine, IMP, GMP, lactic acid, creatine, L-taurine, or mixtures thereof.
16. The meat replica of claim 11 , wherein the carbohydrate-based gel comprises agar, pectin, carrageenan, konjac, methylcellulose, a modified starch, guar gum, locust bean gum, xanthan gum, or mixtures thereof.
17. The meat replica of claim 11 , wherein the edible fibrous component comprises a plant protein extrudate.
18. The meat replica of claim 11 , wherein the fat is selected from corn oil, soy oil, peanut oil, canola oil, sunflower oil, flax seed oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, and mixtures thereof.
19. The meat replica of claim 11 , wherein the meat replica is free of animal products.
20. The meat replica of claim 11 , wherein the isolated plant protein is from a plant selected from alfalfa, bamboo, barley, beets, black beans, broccoli, cabbage, canola, carrot, cauliflower, celery, celery root, chickpeas, corn, cotton, cow peas, fava beans, flax, garbanzo beans, green beans, kale, kidney beans, lupin, mung beans, navy beans, northern beans, nuts, oats, parsley, pearl millet, peas, pine nuts, pinto beans, potato, quinoa , red beans, rice, sesame, soy, spelt, sugarbeet, sunflowers, sweet potato, tobacco, wheat, white beans, whole grains, wild rice, zucchini, or a mixture thereof.