Bio-based polymers from raw lignocellulosic biomass
Disclosed herein is a method of making polymerizable bio-based monomers containing one phenolic hydroxyl group which has been derivatized to provide at least one polymerizable functional group which is an ethylenically unsaturated functional group (such as a [meth]acrylate group), where the precursors of the polymerizable bio-based monomers are derived from raw lignin-containing biomass. Also disclosed herein are bio-based copolymers prepared from such bio-based monomers and a co-monomer, and methods of making and using such bio-based copolymers. In particular, the bio-based copolymers can be used as pressure sensitive adhesives, binders, and polymer electrolytes.
1. An article comprising an adhesive composition deposited on a substrate, wherein the adhesive composition comprises a bio-based block copolymer comprising:
(i) at least one bio-based polymeric block comprising, in polymerized form, at least one polymerizable bio-based monomer having a structure corresponding to formula (II):
wherein R 1 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, propylene, a propanoate salt, a propanoate ester, an acetate salt, or an acetate ester,
wherein R 2 is a substituent comprised of at least one polymerizable functional group that is an ethylenically unsaturated functional group added via functionalization of a phenolic hydroxy (—OH) group,
wherein R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from hydrogen or methoxy,
wherein at least one of R 1 , R 3 and R 4 is not hydrogen, and
wherein the ethylenically unsaturated functional group has been polymerized in the at least one bio-based polymeric block; and
(ii) a co-monomer-based polymeric block comprising, in polymerized form, at least one co-monomer other than the at least one bio-based monomers, wherein the at least one co-monomer comprises a butyl [meth]acrylate, wherein the bio-based block copolymer is a linear block copolymer.
2. The article of claim 1 , wherein the adhesive composition is a pressure sensitive adhesive composition.
3. The article of claim 1 further comprising one or more additives selected from the group consisting of plasticizers, viscosity modifiers, photoluminescent agent, anti-counterfeit and UV-reactive additives, dyes/pigments, anti static materials, surfactants, and lubricants.
4. The article of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises a polymeric film, a paper label, a tape backing, a graphic article, a plastic article, a metal article, a wound dressing, a protection film or tape, or a release liner.
5. The article of claim 1 , wherein the at least one polymerizable functional group include methacrylate, acrylate, maleinate, maleate, fumarate, acrylamide, methacrylamide, vinyl, allyl, vinyl ester, or vinyl amide groups.
6. The article of claim 1 , wherein the at least one polyrnerizable bio-based monomer comprises:
(a) a phenol [meth]acrylate selected from the group consisting of cresol [meth]acrylate, 4-ethylphenol [meth]acrylate, 4-propylphenol [meth]acrylate, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde [meth]acrylate, and 3-(4-hydroxyphenol)propanoate [meth]acrylate;
(b) a monomethoxyphenol [meth]acrylate selected from the group consisting of guaiacol (monomethoxy-substituted phenol) [meth]acrylate, 4-ethylguaiacol [meth]acrylate, creosol [meth]acrylate, 4-propylguaiacol [meth acrylate, vanillin [meth]acrylate, and methyl homovaniliate [meth]acrylate (methyl 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetate [meth]acrylate);
(c) a dimethoxyphenol [meth]acrylate selected from the group consisting of syringol (dimethoxy-substituted phenol) [meth]acrylate, 4-methvisvringyilmethiacrylate, 4-ethylsyringyl[meth]acrylate, 4-n-propylsyringyl[meth]acrylate, 4-i-propylsyringyl[meth]acrylate, 4-propylenesyringyl[meth]acrylate, 4-formylsyringyl[meth]acrylate, 4-propanoatesyringyl[meth]acrylate salt, 4-propanoatesyringyl[meth]acrylate ester, 4-acetatesyringyl[meth]acrylate salt, and 4-acetatesyringyl[meth]acrylate ester; or
(d) combinations thereof.
7. The article of claim 1 , wherein at least one of R 3 , and R 4 is methoxy.
8. The article of claim 1 , wherein the adhesive composition does not include a tackifier.
9. An article comprising an adhesive composition deposited on a substrate, wherein the adhesive composition comprises a bio-based block copolymer comprising:
(i) at least one bio-based polymeric block comprising, in polymerized form, at least one polymerizable bio-based monomer having a structure corresponding to formula (II):
wherein R 1 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, propylene, formyl, a propanoate salt, a propanoate ester, an acetate salt, or an acetate ester, wherein R 2 is a substituent comprised of at least one polymerizable functional group that is an ethylenically unsaturated functional group added via functionalization of a phenolic hydroxy (—OH) group,
wherein R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from hydrogen or methoxy, and
wherein the ethylenically unsaturated functional group has been polymerized in the at least one bio-based polymeric block; and
(ii) a co-monomer-based polymeric block comprising, in polymerized form, at least one co-monomer other than the at least one bio-based monomers, wherein the at least one co-monomer comprises an alkyl [meth]acrylate, a diene, or an olefin, wherein the alkyl group is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl, and
wherein the bio-based block copolymer is a bio-based triblock copolymer, having a midblock and two glassy end blocks, wherein the midblock is comprised of the alkyl [meth]acrylate in polymerized form and one or both of the glassy end blocks is or are comprised of the at least one bio-based monomer in polymerized form.
10. The article of claim 9 , wherein R 1 is propyl and R 3 and R 4 are methoxy; and wherein the triblock bio-based copolymer is poly(4-propylsyringyl acrylate-b-butyl acrylate-b-4-propylsyringyl acrylate) having the following structure (V):
and
wherein n is in the range of 20-100; and m is in the range of 50-1000.
11. The article of claim 9 , wherein the adhesive composition is a pressure sensitive adhesive composition.
12. The article of claim 9 further comprising one or more additives selected from the group consisting of plasticizers, viscosity modifiers, photoluminescent agent, anti-counterfeit and UV-reactive additives, dyes/pigments, anti-static materials, surfactants, and lubricants.
13. The article of claim 9 , wherein the substrate comprises a polymeric film, a paper label, a tape backing, a graphic article, a plastic article, a metal article, a wound dressing, a protection film or tape, or a release liner.
14. The article of claim 9 , wherein the at least one polymerizable functional group include methacrylate, acrylate, maleinate, maleate, fumarate, acrylamide, methacrylamide, vinyl, allyl, vinyl ester, or vinyl amide groups.
15. The article of claim 9 , wherein the at least one polymerizable bio-based monomer comprises:
a phenol [meth]acrylate selected from the group consisting of cresol [meth]acrylate, 4-ethylphenol [meth]acrylate, 4-propylphenol [meth]acrylate, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde [meth]acrylate, and 3-(4-hydroxyphenol)propanoate [meth]acrylate;
(ii) a monomethoxyphenol [meth]acrylate selected from the group consisting of guaiacol (monomethoxy-substituted phenol) [meth]acrylate, 4-ethylguaiacol [meth]acrylate, creosol [meth]acrylate, 4-propylguaiacol [meth]acrylate, vanillin [meth]acrylate, and methyl hornovanillate [meth]acrylate (methyl 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetate [meth]acrylate);
(iii)a dimethoxyphenol [meth]acrylate selected from the group consisting of syringol (dimethoxy-substituted phenol) [meth]acrylate, 4-methylsyringyl[meth]acrylate, 4-ethylsyringyl[meth]acrylate, 4-n-propylsyringyl[meth]acrylate, propylsyringyl[meth]acrylate, 4-propylenesyringyl[meth]acrylate, 4-formylsyringy[meth]acrylate, 4-propanoatesyringyl[meth]acrylate salt, 4-propanoatesyringyl[meth]acrylate ester, 4-acetatesyringyl[meth]acrylate salt, and 4-acetatesyringyl[meth]acrylate ester; or
(iv)combinations thereof.
16. The article of claim 9 , wherein at least one of R and R 4 is methoxy.
17. The article of claim 9 , wherein the adhesive composition does not include a tackifier.
18. The article of claim 9 , wherein at least one bio-based polymeric block comprises a bio-based copolymer block of 4-propylsyringol [meth]acrylate and 4-propylguaiacol [meth]acrylate.
19. An article comprising an adhesive composition deposited on a substrate, wherein the adhesive composition comprises a bio-based block copolymer comprising:
(i) at least one bio-based polymeric block comprising, in polymerized form, at least one polymerizable bio-based monomer having a structure corresponding to formula (II);
wherein R 1 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, propylene, a propanoate salt, a propanoate ester, an acetate salt, or an acetate ester, wherein R 2 is a substituent comprised of at least one polymerizable functional group that is an ethylenically unsaturated functional group added via functionalization of a phenolic hydroxy (—OH) group,
wherein R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from hydrogen or methoxy,
wherein at least one of R 1 , R 3 and R 4 is not hydrogen, and
wherein the ethylenically unsaturated functional group has been polymerized in the at least one bio-based polymeric block; and
(ii) a co-monomer-based polymeric block comprising, in polymerized form, at least one co-monomer other than the at least one bio-based monomers, wherein the at least one co-monomer comprises a butyl [meth]acrylate,
wherein at least one bio-based polymeric block comprises a bio-based copolymer block of 4-propylsyringol [meth]acrylate and 4-propylguaiacol [meth]acrylate.