Low-temperature hermetic sealing for diffractive optical element stacks
A method for producing an optical apparatus includes providing a pair of glass wafers. One or more diffractive optical elements (DOEs) are formed on one or more of the glass wafers. A spacer is positioned between the glass wafers so as to define a cavity containing the DOEs, and a hermetic seal that bonds the glass wafers together and seals the cavity is formed.
1. A method for producing an optical apparatus, the method comprising:
providing a pair of glass wafers;
forming one or more diffractive optical elements (DOEs) on one or more of the glass wafers;
positioning a spacer between the glass wafers so as to define a cavity containing the DOEs; and
forming a hermetic seal that bonds the glass wafers together and seals the cavity by performing direct oxide bonding.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein forming the DOEs comprises molding a diffractive pattern in a polymer layer.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein forming the DOEs comprises patterning a diffractive pattern in at least one of the glass wafers.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein positioning the spacer comprises creating the spacer by forming the cavity in one or more of the glass wafers.
5. The method according to claim 1 , and comprising, before performing the direct oxide bonding, polishing and cleaning bonding surfaces of at least one of the glass wafers and of the spacer.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein performing the direct oxide bonding comprises heating and pressing the glass wafers towards one another.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein performing the direct oxide bonding comprises pressing the glass wafers toward one another at room temperature.
8. A method for producing an optical apparatus, the method comprising:
providing a pair of glass wafers;
forming one or more diffractive optical elements (DOEs) on one or more of the glass wafers;
positioning a spacer between the glass wafers so as to define a cavity containing the DOEs; and
forming a hermetic seal that bonds the glass wafers together and seals the cavity, wherein the spacer comprises a glass spacer having a first surface, wherein each of the glass wafers has a second surface, and wherein forming the hermetic seal comprises welding the first and second surfaces.
9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein welding the surfaces comprises performing laser-assisted micro welding.
10. A method for producing an optical apparatus, the method comprising:
providing a pair of glass wafers;
forming one or more diffractive optical elements (DOEs) on one or more of the glass wafers;
positioning a spacer between the glass wafers so as to define a cavity containing the DOEs; and
forming a hermetic seal that bonds the glass wafers together and seals the cavity by forming an electrical conductive polymer coated with a metal layer.
11. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the spacer comprises a polymer.
12. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the spacer comprises a glass.
13. The method according to claim 10 , wherein each of the glass wafers has a surface coated with a metal film, and wherein forming the hermetic seal comprises bonding eutectic metal alloys.