Fast programming of magnetic random access memory (MRAM)
The present invention is directed a method for programming multiple memory cells connected to a common word line to different resistance regimes. Each cell includes a bipolar switching memory element and an access transistor coupled in series between first and second conductive lines. The memory element and access transistor are disposed adjacent to the first and second conductive lines, respectively. The method includes the steps of applying a first voltage to the common word line to program a first group of memory cells to a first resistance regime; and after the first group of memory cells is programmed to the first resistance regime, programming a second group of memory cells to a second resistance regime by raising the potential of second conductive lines connected to the first group of memory cells to a second voltage and raising the first voltage of the common word line to a third voltage.
1. A method for programming multiple memory cells connected to a common word line to different logical states, each of the multiple memory cells including a memory element and an access transistor coupled in series between a first conductive line and a second conductive line with the memory element being adjacent to the first conductive line and the access transistor being adjacent to the second conductive line, the method including the steps of:
applying a first voltage to one or more first conductive lines connected to a first group of one or more of the multiple memory cells;
applying a second voltage, which is less than the first voltage, to one or more second conductive lines connected to the first group of one or more of the multiple memory cells;
applying a third voltage to one or more first conductive lines connected to a second group of one or more of the multiple memory cells;
applying a fourth voltage, which is greater than the third voltage, to one or more second conductive lines connected to the second group of one or more of the multiple memory cells;
applying a fifth voltage, which is greater than the second voltage, to the common word line; and
after the first group of one or more of the multiple memory cells are programmed to a first logical state, programming the second group of one or more of the multiple memory cells to a second logical state by:
raising the second voltage applied to the one or more second conductive lines connected to the first group of one or more of the multiple memory cells to a sixth voltage; and
raising the fifth voltage applied to the common word line to a seventh voltage,
wherein the seventh voltage is greater than a limiting voltage and a difference between the seventh voltage and the sixth voltage is less than or equal to the limiting voltage.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the limiting voltage corresponds to a maximum allowable gate-source voltage of the access transistor.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein a difference between the fifth voltage and the second voltage is less than or equal to the limiting voltage.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the limiting voltage corresponds to a maximum allowable gate-source voltage of the access transistor.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first voltage corresponds to a power supply voltage.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second voltage corresponds to a ground potential.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the third voltage corresponds to a ground potential.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fourth voltage corresponds to a power supply voltage.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the memory element includes a magnetic tunnel junction.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first logical state corresponds to a low resistance regime of the memory element.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first logical state corresponds to a high resistance regime of the memory element.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the steps of applying the third and fourth voltages and the steps of applying the first and second voltages are carried out at the same time.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the steps of applying the third and fourth voltages are carried out after the steps of applying the first and second voltages.
14. A method for programming multiple magnetic memory cells connected to a common word line to different resistance regimes, each of the multiple magnetic memory cells including a magnetic memory element and an access transistor coupled in series between a first conductive line and a second conductive line with the magnetic memory element being adjacent to the first conductive line and the access transistor being adjacent to the second conductive line, the method including the steps of:
applying a first voltage to the common word line to program a first group of one or more of the multiple magnetic memory cells to a first resistance regime; and
after the first group of one or more of the multiple magnetic memory cells is programmed to the first resistance regime, programming a second group of one or more of the multiple magnetic memory cells to a second resistance regime by:
raising a potential of one or more second conductive lines connected to the first group of one or more of the multiple magnetic memory cells to a second voltage; and
raising the first voltage of the common word line to a third voltage,
wherein the third voltage is greater than a limiting voltage, and a difference between the third voltage and the second voltage is less than or equal to the limiting voltage.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the limiting voltage corresponds to a maximum allowable gate-source voltage of the access transistor.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the first resistance regime has lower resistance than the second resistance regime.
17. The method of claim 14 , wherein the first resistance regime has higher resistance than the second resistance regime.
18. The method of claim 14 , wherein currents having opposite directions are used to program the multiple magnetic memory cells to the first and second resistance regimes, respectively.
19. The method of claim 14 , wherein the magnetic memory element includes a magnetic free layer and a magnetic reference layer with an insulating tunnel junction layer interposed therebetween.
20. A method for programming multiple magnetic memory cells connected to a common word line to different resistance regimes, each of the multiple magnetic memory cells including a magnetic memory element and an access transistor coupled in series between a first conductive line and a second conductive line with the magnetic memory element being adjacent to the first conductive line and the access transistor being adjacent to the second conductive line, the method including the steps of:
applying a voltage to the common word line to program a first group of one or more of the multiple magnetic memory cells to a first resistance regime; and
raising the voltage of the common word line to program a second group of one or more of the multiple magnetic memory cells to a second resistance regime.