Coated plant virus imaging agents
An imaging nanoparticle comprising a plant virus particle having an interior surface and an exterior surface, an imaging agent that is linked to the interior and/or exterior surface, and a layer of biocompatible mineral such as silica coated over the exterior surface, is described. The imaging nanoparticle can be used in method of generating an image of a tissue region of a subject, by administering to the subject a diagnostically effective amount of an imaging nanoparticle and generating an image of the tissue region of the subject to which the imaging nanoparticle has been distributed.
1. An imaging nanoparticle, comprising a rod-shaped plant virus particle having an interior surface and an exterior surface, a chelated lanthanide imaging agent that is linked to the interior, and a layer of biocompatible mineral coated over the exterior surface.
2. The imaging nanoparticle of claim 1 , wherein the biocompatible mineral is silica.
3. The imaging nanoparticle of claim 1 , wherein the rod-shaped virus belongs to the Virgaviridae family.
4. The imaging nanoparticle of claim 1 , wherein the rod-shaped virus is a tobacco mosaic virus.
5. The imaging nanoparticle of claim 1 , wherein the lanthanide is gadolinium.
6. The imaging nanoparticle of claim 5 , wherein the plant virus particles are selected from the group consisting of iGd-TMV-Si, eGd-TMV, eGd-TMV-Si, Gd-SNP, and Gd-SNP-Si, and wherein the plant virus particles have a relaxivity of greater than about 25,000 mM −1 S −1 per particle.
7. The imaging nanoparticle of claim 1 , wherein a targeting moiety is linked to the exterior surface of the virus particle.
8. The imaging nanoparticle of claim 7 , wherein the targeting moiety binds specifically to an immune cell.
9. The imaging nanoparticle of claim 1 , wherein at least about 500 imaging agent molecules are linked to the virus particle.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biocompatible mineral increases the ionic relaxivity of the particles compared to a non-mineralized particle.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biocompatible mineral reduces the immunogenicity of the particles when administered to a subject compared to a non-mineralized particle.
12. A method of generating an image of a tissue region of a subject, by administering to the subject a diagnostically effective amount of an imaging nanoparticle, comprising a rod shaped plant virus particle having an interior surface and an exterior surface, a chelated lanthanide imaging agent that is linked to the interior surface, and a layer of biocompatible mineral coated over the exterior surface, and generating an image of the tissue region of the subject to which the imaging nanoparticle has been distributed.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the biocompatible mineral is silica.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the rod shaped virus is a tobacco mosaic virus.
15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the method of generating an image is magnetic resonance imaging.
16. The method of claim 12 , wherein the imaging nanoparticle further comprises a targeting moiety is linked to the exterior surface of the virus particle.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the targeting moiety specifically binds to an immune cell.
18. The method of claim 12 , wherein the tissue region includes a blood vessel.
19. The method of claim 12 , wherein the plant virus particles are selected from the group consisting of iGd-TMV-Si, eGd-TMV, eGd-TMV-Si, Gd-SNP, and Gd-SNP-Si, and wherein the plant virus particles have a relaxivity of greater than about 25,000 mM −1 S −1 per particle.
20. The method of claim 12 , wherein the biocompatible mineral increases the ionic relaxivity of the particles compared to a non-mineralized particle.
21. The method of claim 12 , wherein the biocompatible mineral reduces the immunogenicity of the particles when administered to the subject compared to a non-mineralized particle.