System for generating random noise with a magnetic device
View Patent ↗A system for generating random noise includes a nanoscale magnetic device with two free ferromagnetic layers separated by a non-magnetic spacer layer. A current source directs a high current perpendicularly through the layers. The magnetic moments of the two free layers are excited by the spin transfer torque (STT) effect and continuously switch from a first direction to a second direction substantially antiparallel to said first direction with random transitions. The device output signal is a series of pulses with voltage peaks with random transition times between the peaks. The device output signal is input to a clipping circuit that cuts the signal off at certain voltage levels. A clocking circuit can sample the output of the clipping circuit to generate a random number.
1. A system for generating random noise, the system comprising:
a magnetic device comprising:
a first ferromagnetic free layer having a moment substantially free to rotate in the presence of an external magnetic field;
a second ferromagnetic free layer having a moment substantially free to rotate in the presence of an external magnetic field; and
a non-magnetic spacer layer between the first and second free layers;
a current source electrically coupled to the magnetic device for directing electrical current substantially perpendicularly through the layers of the magnetic device, the current source being adapted to supply current sufficient to cause the magnetic device to operate as a chaotic oscillator by causing the moment of each of the first and second free layers to repeatedly and randomly switch from a first direction to a second direction substantially antiparallel to said first direction; and
electrical circuitry coupled to the magnetic device for detecting a signal in response to changes in moment direction of the first and second free layers.
2. The system of claim 1 wherein the spacer layer comprises an electrically-conducting metal or metal alloy layer.
3. The system of claim 1 wherein the spacer layer comprises a tunneling barrier layer selected from an oxide and a nitride.
4. The system of claim 1 wherein the spacer layer comprises a coupling layer for coupling the first and second ferromagnetic layers with their moments oriented substantially antiparallel in the absence of an external magnetic field.
5. The system of claim 1 wherein the spacer layer comprises a coupling layer for coupling the first and second ferromagnetic layers with their moments oriented substantially parallel in the absence of an external magnetic field.
6. The system of claim 1 wherein the moment of the second free layer is oriented substantially antiparallel to the moment of the first free layer in the absence of an external magnetic field.
7. The system of claim 1 wherein the moments of the first and second free layers are oriented substantially in the plane of the free layers in the absence of an external magnetic field.
8. The system of claim 1 wherein the moments of the first and second free layers are oriented substantially perpendicular to the plane of the free layers in the absence of an external magnetic field.
9. The system of claim 1 further comprising a clipping circuit for limiting positive and negative peaks of said detected signal.
10. The system of claim 9 further comprising a clocking circuit coupled to the clipping circuit for generating a binary number from the limited positive and negative signal peaks.
11. The system of claim 9 further comprising a spiking circuit coupled to the clipping circuit for generating random spikes.
12. The system of claim 1 further comprising a magnet located adjacent the magnetic device, the magnet adapted for applying a magnetic field in a direction substantially parallel to the quiescent orientation of the moments of the first and second free layers.
13. A system for generating random noise, the system comprising:
a magnetic device comprising:
a first ferromagnetic free layer having a moment substantially free to rotate in the presence of an external magnetic field;
a second ferromagnetic free layer having a moment substantially free to rotate in the presence of an external magnetic field, the moment of the second free layer being oriented substantially antiparallel to the moment of the first free layer in the absence of an external magnetic field, wherein the moments of the first and second free layers are oriented substantially in the plane of the free layers in the absence of an external magnetic field; and
a non-magnetic spacer layer between the first and second free layers;
a current source electrically coupled to the magnetic device for directing electrical current substantially perpendicularly through the layers of the magnetic device, the current source being adapted to supply current sufficient to cause the magnetic device to operate as a chaotic oscillator by causing the moment of each of the first and second free layers to repeatedly and randomly switch from a first direction to a second direction substantially antiparallel to said first direction;
electrical circuitry coupled to the magnetic device for detecting a signal in response to changes in moment direction of the first and second free layers; and
a clipping circuit for limiting positive and negative peaks of said detected signal.
14. The system of claim 13 wherein the spacer layer comprises an electrically-conducting metal or metal alloy layer.
15. The system of claim 13 wherein the spacer layer comprises a tunneling barrier layer selected from an oxide and a nitride.
16. The system of claim 13 wherein the spacer layer comprises a coupling layer for coupling the first and second ferromagnetic layers with their moments oriented substantially antiparallel in the absence of an external magnetic field.
17. The system of claim 13 wherein the spacer layer comprises a coupling layer for coupling the first and second ferromagnetic layers with their moments oriented substantially parallel in the absence of an external magnetic field.
18. The system of claim 13 further comprising a clocking circuit coupled to the clipping circuit for generating a binary number from the limited positive and negative signal peaks.
19. The system of claim 13 further comprising a magnet located adjacent the magnetic device, the magnet adapted for applying a magnetic field in a direction substantially parallel to the quiescent orientation of the moments of the first and second free layers.
20. A system for generating a random number, the system comprising:
means for directing electrical current substantially perpendicularly through a plurality of ferromagnetic free layers of a magnetic device, the current source being to supply current sufficient to cause the magnetic device to operate as a chaotic oscillator by causing the moment of each of the free layers to repeatedly and randomly switch from a first direction to a second direction substantially antiparallel to the first direction;
means for detecting a signal in response to changes in moment direction of the free layers;
means for limiting positive and negative peaks of the detected signal; and
means for generating a binary number from the limited positive and negative signal peaks.