Lithium ion battery electrode with uniformly dispersed electrode binder and conductive additive
The present disclosure relates generally to an electrode produced with a non-toxic solvent, resulting in a homogeneous mixture with uniform distributions of a conductive additive and a binder. Electrodes produced according to the present disclosure feature narrow binder particle size distribution, which distinguishes such electrodes from typical electrodes produced via a N-Methyl-Pyrrolidone (NMP) process. The resulting microstructure promotes the flow of current through the electrode and has an improved cycling stability due, in part, to the binder's and the conductive additive's ability to bind with the active material particles used in the fabrication of the electrode.
1. A positive electrode for a secondary battery, comprising:
a current collector having at least one lateral surface, wherein the at least one lateral surface is coated with an electrode slurry to form a coating, wherein the coating comprises:
a positive active material;
substantially uniformly dispersed particles of conductive additive, wherein the conductive additive comprises carbon; and
substantially uniformly dispersed particles of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binder;
wherein the dispersed particles of PVDF binder have a particle size of between 150 and 450 nanometers;
wherein the thickness of the coating on the at least one lateral surface of the current collector is between 425 and 500 microns; and
wherein there is an average distance of 500 nm or less between adjacent dispersed particles of conductive additive.
2. The positive electrode of claim 1 , wherein the current collector comprises a second lateral surface, wherein the second lateral surface is coated with the electrode slurry to form a second coating, wherein the thickness of the second coating on the second lateral surface is between 100 and 500 microns such that the combined thickness of the coatings on the at least one and the second lateral surfaces is between 625 and 1000 microns.
3. The positive electrode of claim 2 , wherein the combined thickness of the coatings on the at least one and the second lateral surfaces is between 850 and 1000 microns.
4. The positive electrode of claim 1 , wherein the dispersed particles of polyvinylidene fluoride binder comprise 1 to 10 percent by weight of the positive electrode.
5. The positive electrode of claim 4 , wherein the dispersed particles of polyvinylidene fluoride binder comprise 2 to 5 percent by weight of the positive electrode.
6. The positive electrode of claim 1 , wherein the dispersed particles of conductive additive comprise 1 to 10 percent by weight of the positive electrode.
7. The positive electrode of claim 6 , wherein the dispersed particles of conductive additive comprise 3 to 5 percent by weight of the positive electrode.
8. The positive electrode of claim 1 , wherein the average particle size of the dispersed particles of polyvinylidene fluoride binder is between 150 and 450 nm.
9. The positive electrode of claim 8 , wherein the average particle size of the dispersed particles of polyvinylidene fluoride binder is between 200 and 300 nm.
10. The positive electrode of claim 1 , wherein there is an average distance of 300 nm or less between adjacent dispersed particles of conductive additive.
11. The positive electrode of claim 10 , wherein there is an average distance of 200 nm or less between adjacent dispersed particles of conductive additive.
12. The positive electrode of claim 1 , wherein there is an average distance of 500 nm or less between adjacent dispersed particles of polyvinylidene fluoride binder.
13. The positive electrode of claim 12 , wherein there is an average distance of 300 nm or less between adjacent dispersed particles of polyvinylidene fluoride binder.
14. The positive electrode of claim 13 , wherein there is an average distance of 200 nm or less between adjacent dispersed particles of polyvinylidene fluoride binder.
15. The positive electrode of claim 1 , wherein the positive active material comprises lithium, manganese, nickel, cobalt, aluminum, or a combination thereof.
16. The positive electrode of claim 15 , wherein the positive active material is selected from a group consisting of: LiCoO 2 , LiFePO 4 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiNiO 2 , Li 2 FePO 4 F, LiCo 1/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 , and Li(Li a Ni x Mn y Co z ).
17. The positive electrode of claim 1 , wherein the conductive additive is selected from the group consisting of carbon black, acetylene black, and graphite, or combinations thereof.
18. The positive electrode of claim 1 , wherein the positive active material is adhered strongly to the current collector.