Hemorrhage management system
An embodiment includes a wound dressing comprising: a shape memory polymer (SMP) foam, including open cells, having first and second states; and a hydrogel (HG) included within the cells; wherein (a) in a first position a composite, including the SMP foam and the HG, is configured to be located proximate a hemorrhagic tissue with the SMP foam in the first state; (b) in a second position the composite is configured to be expanded to the second state against the hemorrhagic tissue when the SMP foam is plasticized at 37° C. depressing a glass transition temperature (T g ) of the SMP foam to below 25° C. Other embodiments are described herein.
1. A system comprising:
a shape memory polymer (SMP) foam, including open cells, having first and second states; and
a hydrogel (HG) included within the cells;
wherein (a) in a first position a composite, including the SMP foam and the HG, is configured to be located in a wound with the SMP foam in the first state; (b) in a second position the composite is configured to expand to the second state in the wound when the SMP foam is plasticized at 37° C. depressing a glass transition temperature (Tg) of the SMP foam to below 25° C.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the SMP foam includes polyurethane and the HG includes Poly(ethylene glycol) Diacrylate (PEG-DA) N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) (PEG-DANVPHG).
3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the SMP foam includes at least two of Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), triethanolamine (TEA), hydroxypropyl ethylenediamine (HPED), or combinations thereof.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the SMP foam actuates at body temperature.
5. The system of claim 3 , wherein the HG includes an antimicrobial agent.
6. The system of claim 5 , wherein the antimicrobial agent includes iodine.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein:
the HG includes iodine and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP); and
the iodine is bound to the PVP.
8. The system of claim 1 comprising an applicator that includes the composite and a plurality of additional composites, each of the additional composites including an additional SMP foam with additional cells that include additional HGs.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the SMP foam is configured to conform to contours of the wound, when in the second position and the second state, based on the SMP foam having a % Shape Recovery greater than 85, an expansion ratio greater than 4.00, and a swellability (Q) greater than 20 where Q=(mass of saturated device)/(mass of dry device).
10. The system of claim 1 , wherein:
the SMP foam is crosslinked;
the SMP foam includes struts;
the struts form the cells, and
the HG is crosslinked around the struts.
11. The system of claim 1 , wherein the SMP foam is a thermoset polymer that includes polyurethane.
12. A medical implant system comprising:
a shape memory polymer (SMP) foam having open cells; and
a hydrogel (HG) included within the cells;
wherein the SMP foam plasticizes at 37° C. to depress a glass transition temperature (Tg) of the SMP foam to below 25° C.;
wherein the SMP foam is crosslinked and includes struts;
wherein the struts form the open cells;
wherein the HG is crosslinked around the struts.
13. The medical implant system of claim 12 , wherein the SMP foam is a thermoset polymer that includes polyurethane.
14. The medical implant system of claim 13 , wherein the SMP foam includes at least two of Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), triethanolamine (TEA), hydroxypropyl ethylenediamine (HPED), or combinations thereof.
15. The medical implant system of claim 14 , wherein the HG includes Poly(ethylene glycol) Diacrylate (PEG-DA) N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) (PEG-DANVPHG).
16. The medical implant system of claim 12 , wherein:
the SMP foam includes polyurethane;
the HG includes iodine and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP); and
the iodine is bound to the PVP.
17. A method comprising:
providing a shape memory polymer (SMP) foam having open cells, wherein (a) the SMP foam is crosslinked and includes struts, and (b) the struts form portions of the open cells;
inserting a hydrogel (HG) into the open cells; and
heating the SMP foam and the HG to crosslink the HG around the struts;
wherein the SMP foam plasticizes at 37° C. to depress a glass transition temperature (Tg) of the SMP foam to below 25° C.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the SMP foam is a thermoset polymer that includes polyurethane.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the HG includes Poly(ethylene glycol) Diacrylate (PEG-DA) N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) (PEG-DANVPHG).
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the SMP foam includes at least two of Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), triethanolamine (TEA), hydroxypropyl ethylenediamine (HPED), or combinations thereof.