Process and system for producing pulp, energy, and bioderivatives from plant-based and recycled materials
The presently disclosed subject matter relates to an industrial system for processing various plant materials to produce marketable materials. Particularly, the system integrates subcritical water extraction technology and includes a pre-processing module and a two-stage extractor (processing module) with constant control of temperature, pressure, and/or residence time. In some embodiments, the final product of the disclosed system can include feedstock constituents for biofuel production (sugars and/or oil), biochar, raw materials for various industries (such as pulp for manufacturing paper or cellulose for use in various industries). The disclosed system can be modular or non-modular, stationary or mobile, and can include prefabricated elements with programmed automatic or manual operation so that it can be easily moved and/or assembled on site.
1. A system comprising:
a pre-processing portion having a mechanical processor/material handler for a preparation of feedstock material; and
an extractor portion comprising a reactor or a reactor assembly to which feedstock and subcritical water is supplied, the reactor or reactor assembly having:
an operating condition at a pressure and a temperature at a constant level that is held for a defined period of time to break down carbohydrates of a first chain strength,
wherein the reactor assembly comprises an assembly of one or more reactors followed by one or more pressure control valves, heat exchangers for cooling down the outputs from the reactor, and separators to collect valuable materials from a water phase and consequently recycle the water.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the reactor assembly comprises continuous-type reactors or batch-type reactors.
3. The system according to claim 1 , further including:
a high pressure pump for increasing a pressure in the system, wherein a variable speed and flow rate are provided;
a pressure control valve for maintaining pressure in the operating condition; and
a heating element for providing direct heating or indirect heating.
4. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the operating condition comprises a pressure of about 0-300 psi and temperature of up to about 180° C.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the pre-processing and the operating condition are controlled and monitored by a centralized computer software able to maintain constant a desired pressure, temperature, and flow rate for a desired period of time;
wherein the system comprises multiple sensors that are installed and connected to centralized computer managing software comprising a network in which technical information about major parameters such as pressure, temperature, flow, content level, is collected in real time, relayed to a managing system, and analyzed;
wherein the above parameters are controlled and modified in real time.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system is configured to produce one or more of pulp, cellulose, and raw materials for industrial commodities as its final product.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system is modular and scalable, stationary or mobile;
wherein when in mobile form, the system can be mounted on one or more truck trailers, rail cars, shipping containers, other platforms used to transport from one site to another, or combinations thereof.
8. A method of producing pulp comprising:
processing a feedstock into a processing size; and
using a subcritical water treatment process, treating the feedstock with a catalyst that comprises an alkaline catalyst at a concentration of about 1.5 to 10 weight percent or less in a reactor assembly having:
an operating condition at a pressure and a temperature at a constant level that is held for a defined period of time to break down carbohydrates of a first chain strength to produce a pulp product.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the feedstock can be an intermediate product made from one or more of recycled paper, recycled cardboard, cotton linters, various sacks, barley after beer brewing, wheat after beer brewing, and paper cups.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the pulp product has fiber length of about 0.000001-12 mm.
11. The method of claim 8 , wherein the method provides for continuous flow of material through the reactor such that the process provides for continuous manufacture of paper pulp product, cellulose, or combinations thereof.
12. The method of claim 8 , wherein the method is modular and scalable, stationary or mobile; and
wherein when in mobile form, a system executing the method can be mounted on one or more truck trailers, rail cars, shipping containers, other platforms used to transport from one site to another, or combinations thereof.
13. Pulp, powdered cellulose, nano-cellulose, and dissolving cellulose produced from the method of claim 8 , with fiber size of 0.000001-12 mm;
wherein other soluble materials in water are produced as co-products.