Apparatus for supporting an array of layers of amphiphilic molecules and method of forming an array of layers of amphiphilic molecules
An apparatus for supporting an array of layers of amphiphilic molecules, the apparatus comprising: a body, formed in a surface of the body, an array of sensor wells capable of supporting a layer of amphiphilic molecules across the sensor wells, the sensor wells each containing an electrode for connection to an electrical circuit, and formed in the surface of the body between the sensor wells, flow control wells capable of smoothing the flow of a fluid across the surface.
1. An apparatus for supporting an array of layers of amphiphilic molecules, the apparatus comprising:
(A) a body;
(B) formed in the body, an array of sensor wells and, between the sensor wells, flow control wells,
wherein a common surface of the body defines openings to the sensor wells and openings to the flow control wells,
wherein the sensor wells are capable of supporting a layer of amphiphilic molecules across the sensor wells,
wherein the sensor wells each contain an electrode for connection to an electrical circuit, and
wherein the flow control wells are capable of smoothing the flow of a fluid across the common surface; and
(C) formed in the body, surface patterning on a second surface that extends beyond the common surface of the body, wherein the surface patterning is configured to provide uniform flow of the fluid to the common surface;
and
wherein the cross-sectional area of a flow control well is less than the cross-sectional area of a sensor well.
2. An apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising a cover over the common surface and the second surface of the body defining a cavity between the cover and the common surface and second surface, and a common electrode arranged in the cavity for connection to the electrical circuit.
3. An apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the cover has an internal surface, facing the common surface and the second surface of the body, that is roughened to smooth the flow of fluid thereover.
4. An apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein the internal surface is roughened with surface patterning.
5. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the array of sensor wells is a regular array, and the flow control wells consist of a regular array of flow control wells.
6. An apparatus according to claim 5 , wherein the pitch of at least a portion of the regular array of flow control wells is smaller than the pitch of at least a portion of the regular array of sensor wells.
7. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the sensor wells are circular and/or wherein the flow control wells have a different shape.
8. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the sensor wells are circular and/or wherein the flow control wells are square.
9. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the sensor wells, the flow control wells, and/or the surface patterning are arranged such that a pre-treatment of a hydrophobic fluid applied to the common surface of the body and/or the second surface of the body would not enter the Cassie-Baxter state.
10. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the sensor wells and flow control wells are shaped to provide:
i) a surface roughness r, defined as the total area of the surface and wells divided by the projected area of the surface, and
ii) a φ, defined as the area of the surface between the wells divided by the projected area of the surface,
that meet the requirement ((φ−1)/(r−φ))>cos θ for a pre-treatment applied to the common surface of the body,
wherein, with respect to the body, the pre-treatment has a contact angle θ, and
wherein the pre-treatment is a fluid that is capable of interacting with the amphiphilic molecules.
11. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the array of sensor wells is formed in the body with a number density of 6.4×10 −5 sensor wells/micron 2 or more.
12. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the array of sensor wells is formed in the body with a number density of 1.5×10 −4 sensor wells/micron 2 or more.
13. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the array of sensor wells is formed in the body with a number density of 2.5×10 −4 sensor wells/micron 2 or more.
14. An apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising a pre-treatment, that is a fluid capable of interacting with the amphiphilic molecules, applied to the sensor wells.
15. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the surface patterning comprises second flow control wells, wherein the second surface of the body defines openings to the second flow control wells.
16. An apparatus according to claim 15 , wherein the second flow control wells consist of a regular array of second flow control wells.
17. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the sensor wells have a number density of 3.2×10 −5 sensor wells/micron 2 or more.