Modification of feed consumption patterns in beef cattle rations
The present invention relates to feed compositions that can modify the feeding behavior of animals. Supplements can be added to no or low roughage rations that improve the performance of animals. In particular, the addition of calcium chloride to a low or no roughage ration can increase the number of feedings but decrease the amount of feeding per meal. This can result in promoting enhances feed conversion and better cost of feed to weight gain.
1. A method of lowering feed conversion values of steers comprising:
confining steers in a facility;
preparing a feed composition as a total daily food ration for the steers, wherein the feed composition comprises roughage at up to about 5 percent by weight of the total feed on a dry matter basis, and comprises calcium chloride at about 0.15 weight percent to about 0.40 weight percent on a dry matter basis; and
feeding the steers the total daily feed ration in the facility, wherein in response to ingesting the total daily feed ration, a feed conversion value of the steers is lowered compared to steers fed a conventional daily ration of about 8-15 weight percent roughage on a dry matter basis.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the calcium chloride is between about 0.2 weight percent and about 0.3 weight percent on a dry matter basis.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the feed further comprises fish oil.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the fish oil is less than about 0.5 weight percent on a dry matter basis.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the feed further comprises diammonium phosphate.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the diammonium phosphate is less than about 0.25 weight percent on a dry matter basis.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the feed further comprises ammonium sulfate.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the ammonium sulfate is less than about 0.45 weight percent on a dry matter basis.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the roughage is about 2 percent by weight to about 5 percent by weight on a dry matter basis.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the roughage comprises at least one of grass, hay, silage, fodder, corn cobs, or cottonseed hulls.
11. A method of lowering feed conversion values of confined steers comprising:
confining steers;
providing the confined steers access to a daily ration of a feed ad libitum, the feed comprising:
roughage at up to about 5 weight percent of the total feed on a dry matter basis; and
calcium chloride at about 0.15 weight percent to about 0.40 weight percent of the total feed on a dry matter basis; and
wherein in response to ingesting the total daily feed ration, the steers feed at least about 5 percent more times per day and consume at least about 10 percent less feed per feeding compared to steers fed a conventional daily ration of about 8-10 weight percent roughage on a dry matter basis, and
wherein in response to ingesting the total daily feed ration, a feed conversion value of the steers is lowered compared to steers fed the conventional daily ration.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the calcium chloride is between about 0.2 weight percent and about 0.3 weight percent on a dry matter basis.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the feed further comprises fish oil.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the fish oil is less than about 0.5 weight percent on a dry matter basis.
15. The method of claim 11 , wherein the feed further comprises diammonium phosphate.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the diammonium phosphate is less than about 0.25 weight percent on a dry matter basis.
17. The method of claim 11 , wherein the feed further comprises ammonium sulfate.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the ammonium sulfate is less than about 0.45 weight percent on a dry matter basis.
19. The method of claim 11 , wherein the roughage is about 2 percent by weight to about 5 percent by weight on a dry matter basis.
20. The method of claim 11 , wherein the roughage comprises at least one of grass, hay, silage, fodder, corn cobs, or cottonseed hulls.