Isothiocyanate functional surfactants, formulations incorporating the same, and associated methods of use
An isothiocyanate functional surfactant, wherein the protonated form of the surfactant includes the structure of formula (IA): wherein R 1 includes the structure of formula (IIA), (IIIA), or (IVA), wherein X includes an integer ranging from approximately 0 to approximately 20, wherein R 2 comprises a linear or branched aliphatic group containing approximately 8 to approximately 25 carbon atoms, and wherein R 3 comprises an aliphatic or aromatic group containing approximately 1 to approximately 20 carbon atoms and at least one —N═C═S group.
1. A compound represented by the structure of formula (IA):
wherein R 1 is selected from the group consisting of the structures of formula (IIA), (IIIA), and (IVA);
wherein X ranges from 0 to 20;
wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of N, P, As, Sb, and Bi;
wherein R 2 is a linear or branched aliphatic group containing 8 to 25 carbon atoms; and
wherein R 3 is an aliphatic or aromatic group containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms and at least one isothiocyanate group.
2. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein R 1 is the structure of formula (IIA).
3. The compound according to claim 2 , wherein R 2 is a linear or branched aliphatic group containing 12 to 20 carbon atoms.
4. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein R 1 is the structure of formula (IIIA).
5. The compound according to claim 4 , wherein R 2 is a linear or branched aliphatic group containing 12 to 20 carbon atoms.
6. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein R 1 is the structure of formula (IVA).
7. The compound according to claim 6 , wherein R 2 is a linear or branched aliphatic group containing 12 to 20 carbon atoms.
8. A compound represented by the structure of formula (IB):
wherein R 1 is selected from the group consisting of the structures of formula (IIB), (IIIB), and (IVB);
wherein X ranges from 0 to 20;
wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of N, P, As, Sb, and Bi;
wherein R 2 is a linear or branched aliphatic group containing 8 to 25 carbon atoms;
wherein R 3 is an aliphatic or aromatic group containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms and at least one isothiocyanate group; and
wherein M + is a counter cation.
9. The compound according to claim 8 , wherein R 1 is the structure of formula (IIB).
10. The compound according to claim 9 , wherein R 2 is a linear or branched aliphatic group containing 12 to 20 carbon atoms.
11. The compound according to claim 8 , wherein R 1 is the structure of formula (IIIB).
12. The compound according to claim 11 , wherein R 2 is a linear or branched aliphatic group containing 12 to 20 carbon atoms.
13. The compound according to claim 8 , wherein R 1 is the structure of formula (IVB).
14. The compound according to claim 13 , wherein R 2 is a linear or branched aliphatic group containing 12 to 20 carbon atoms.
15. A formulation, comprising:
a compound represented by the structure of formula (IB):
wherein R 1 is selected from the group consisting of the structure of formula (IIB), (IIIB), and (IVB);
wherein X is an integer ranging from 0 to 20;
wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of N, P, As, Sb, and Bi;
wherein R 2 is a linear or branched aliphatic group containing 8 to 25 carbon atoms;
wherein R 3 is an aliphatic or aromatic group containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms and at least one isothiocyanate group;
wherein M + is a counter cation; and
a solvent.
16. The formulation according to claim 15 , wherein R 1 is the structure of formula (IIB).
17. The formulation according to claim 16 , wherein R 2 is a linear or branched aliphatic group containing 12 to 20 carbon atoms.
18. The formulation according to claim 15 , wherein R 1 is the structure of formula (IIIB).
19. The formulation according to claim 18 , wherein R 2 is a linear or branched aliphatic group containing 12 to 20 carbon atoms.
20. The formulation according to claim 15 , wherein R 1 is the structure of formula (IVB).
21. The formulation according to claim 20 , wherein R 2 is a linear or branched aliphatic group containing 12 to 20 carbon atoms.